1 - Which is NOT a presidential role ?
1 - Which is NOT a presidential role ?
Chief Justice
2 - The chief reason that Congress is so ineffective is________________?
2 - The chief reason that Congress is so ineffective is________________?
the traditional organization of the legislative branch
3 - Government____________?
3 - Government____________?
all of the above
4 - "Laissez-faire"______________?
4 - "Laissez-faire"______________?
is the French expression Adam Smith used to mean that government should keep its hands off the economy?
5 - Contrary to Karl Marx,s expectations communist revolutions occurred in_______________?
5 - Contrary to Karl Marx,s expectations communist revolutions occurred in_______________?
all of the above
6 - Why is the private ownership of property deemed beneficial ?
6 - Why is the private ownership of property deemed beneficial ?
None of the above
7 - Democratic capitalism means that________________?
7 - Democratic capitalism means that________________?
the economy is regulated through legislation and taxation
8 - The fundamental assumption of democratic socialism is that_______________?
8 - The fundamental assumption of democratic socialism is that_______________?
participation in political decision making should be extended to economic decision making
9 - Democracy is based on_______________?
9 - Democracy is based on_______________?
the value of the individual
10 - The dialectic is based on_____________?
10 - The dialectic is based on_____________?
two extreme positions giving rise to a middle position
11 - Regarding capitalist industrial societies Marx asserted that______________?
11 - Regarding capitalist industrial societies Marx asserted that______________?
they contained the seeds of their own destruction
12 - Communism emerged as an ideology in reaction to conditions following____________?
12 - Communism emerged as an ideology in reaction to conditions following____________?
the Industrial Revolution
13 - Fascism_______________?
13 - Fascism_______________?
distrusts reason
14 - A totalitarian regime______________?
14 - A totalitarian regime______________?
all of the above
15 - Traditional autocracy has been replaced by________________?
15 - Traditional autocracy has been replaced by________________?
authoritarian or totalitarian ideologies
16 - Like Freud Erik Erikson maintains that_______________?
16 - Like Freud Erik Erikson maintains that_______________?
none of the above
17 - In the United States a sense of national identity ?
17 - In the United States a sense of national identity ?
only B and C
18 - ideologies tend to arise during periods of_____________?
18 - ideologies tend to arise during periods of_____________?
crisis
19 - The myth complex functions to_________________?
19 - The myth complex functions to_________________?
give legitimate authority to the government in power
20 - ideologies may be described as_______________?
20 - ideologies may be described as_______________?
simplified world views
21 - An ideology is______________?
21 - An ideology is______________?
a set of ideas values and attitudes
22 - Deviance contributes to social change in that________________?
22 - Deviance contributes to social change in that________________?
some actions initially defined as deviant eventually become generally accepted
23 - Determining that a particular act is deviant may depend on______________?
23 - Determining that a particular act is deviant may depend on______________?
all of the above
24 - The theory speculating that every society develops a number of cultural goals for members to attain but that attainment is not possible for all is called the_____________?
24 - The theory speculating that every society develops a number of cultural goals for members to attain but that attainment is not possible for all is called the_____________?
anomie theory
25 - Deviant individuals______________?
25 - Deviant individuals______________?
set examples for others thus reaffirming existing norms
26 - To some degree according to some research heredity determines_____________?
26 - To some degree according to some research heredity determines_____________?
all of the above
27 - According to the cultural transmission theory deviance is learned through________________?
27 - According to the cultural transmission theory deviance is learned through________________?
close association with deviants
28 - Studies of delinquent gangs indicate that____________?
28 - Studies of delinquent gangs indicate that____________?
gang norms are substituted for society's norms in some cases
29 - Index crimes include all but one of the following_______________?
29 - Index crimes include all but one of the following_______________?
moving traffic violation
30 - Schizophrenia is_______________?
30 - Schizophrenia is_______________?
applied to a number of disturbances for lack of any other label
31 - The biological explanations of deviance include____________?
31 - The biological explanations of deviance include____________?
all of the above
32 - Deviance is defined______________?
32 - Deviance is defined______________?
in the context of time and place
33 - The concept of deviance refers to________________?
33 - The concept of deviance refers to________________?
departure from social norms
34 - Recent research supports the notion that mother-infant bonding_______________?
34 - Recent research supports the notion that mother-infant bonding_______________?
has a biological basis
35 - Kohlberg,s three stages of moral development are_______________?
35 - Kohlberg,s three stages of moral development are_______________?
pre-conventional conventional and post-conventional
36 - The succession of stages in Jean Piaget,s model of cognitive development is_______________?
36 - The succession of stages in Jean Piaget,s model of cognitive development is_______________?
sensorimotor intuitive operational concrete operational and formal operational
37 - Defense mechanisms function to________________?
37 - Defense mechanisms function to________________?
deflect anxiety
38 - Freud located the "libido" ?
38 - Freud located the "libido" ?
within the ld
39 - According to Freud the crucial institution for the development of personality is______________?
39 - According to Freud the crucial institution for the development of personality is______________?
the family
40 - According to George H.Mead mind is________________?
40 - According to George H.Mead mind is________________?
none of the above
41 - Anger is_______________?
41 - Anger is_______________?
all of the above
42 - Absence of body contact and stimulation in infants inhibits_______________?
42 - Absence of body contact and stimulation in infants inhibits_______________?
development of higher learning functions
43 - Personality may be seen as a circular system in that____________?
43 - Personality may be seen as a circular system in that____________?
personality affects roles and vice-versa
44 - When the lk of Uganda lost their traditional hunting grounds they ?
44 - When the lk of Uganda lost their traditional hunting grounds they ?
their formerly outgoing personalities changed
45 - Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are associated with the following theories of personality.
45 - Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are associated with the following theories of personality.
stressing self-concept and self-actualization
46 - Which is NOT an aim of the process of socialization ?
46 - Which is NOT an aim of the process of socialization ?
To teach infants to sit stand walk and run in that order
47 - Gestalt psychology looks at__________________?
47 - Gestalt psychology looks at__________________?
behavior as whole
48 - The Superego of Freud,s theory is similar to Mead,s ?
48 - The Superego of Freud,s theory is similar to Mead,s ?
generalized other
49 - A prison is a______________?
49 - A prison is a______________?
total institution
50 - The mass media especially TV have been_______________?
50 - The mass media especially TV have been_______________?
none of the above
51 - The primary agent of socialization is the______________?
51 - The primary agent of socialization is the______________?
family
52 - Children have taken on the role of the generalized other when______________?
52 - Children have taken on the role of the generalized other when______________?
they start school
53 - Our type of society fosters______________?
53 - Our type of society fosters______________?
anxiety
54 - Types of survey data include_______________?
54 - Types of survey data include_______________?
all of the above
55 - People who are important in shaping your self-concept and whose approval you wish to have are_____________?
55 - People who are important in shaping your self-concept and whose approval you wish to have are_____________?
significant others
56 - Telling a child "You should always say thank you when someone gives you something is an example of____________?
56 - Telling a child "You should always say thank you when someone gives you something is an example of____________?
conscious socialization
57 - Human infants in order to become successful adults need______________?
57 - Human infants in order to become successful adults need______________?
all of the above
58 - When one knows the roles that one is expected to play and is willing and able to do so one is_____________?
58 - When one knows the roles that one is expected to play and is willing and able to do so one is_____________?
successfully socialized
59 - Successful socialization for humans requires_______________?
59 - Successful socialization for humans requires_______________?
contact with other humans
60 - Socialization involves the use of which process to turn a "horde of barbarians" into productive human beings ?
60 - Socialization involves the use of which process to turn a "horde of barbarians" into productive human beings ?
symbolic and physical interaction
61 - The "significant others" of Mead,s theory are____________?
61 - The "significant others" of Mead,s theory are____________?
important because they provide the initial role models
62 - What is one difference between Freuds developmental stages and Erikson's ?
62 - What is one difference between Freuds developmental stages and Erikson's ?
Freud stopped at adolescence
63 - Maturation is a term used by developmental psychologists to refer to______________?
63 - Maturation is a term used by developmental psychologists to refer to______________?
physical(biological)development
64 - A person who is suddenly set down on a commune in rural China would most likely undergo ?
64 - A person who is suddenly set down on a commune in rural China would most likely undergo ?
the process of resocialization
65 - Individuals who become inmates of a total institution undergo the process of______________?
65 - Individuals who become inmates of a total institution undergo the process of______________?
socialization
66 - Bureaucracy is based on________________?
66 - Bureaucracy is based on________________?
specialization
67 - Formal organizations have_______________?
67 - Formal organizations have_______________?
clearly stated goals and policies
68 - A makeshift organizational network which often parallels bureaucratic administration is called______________?
68 - A makeshift organizational network which often parallels bureaucratic administration is called______________?
informal bureaucracy
69 - Max Weber intended his "ideal type" of bureaucracy as an_______________?
69 - Max Weber intended his "ideal type" of bureaucracy as an_______________?
idealized or exaggerated model of rational administration
70 - Organization differ from institutions in that________________?
70 - Organization differ from institutions in that________________?
one cannot join an institution
71 - Four primary social processes are________________?
71 - Four primary social processes are________________?
conflict exchange cooperation and competition
72 - Daniel Bell has called the newly emerging from of society ?
72 - Daniel Bell has called the newly emerging from of society ?
postindustrial
73 - Bureaucracy and extensive social differentiation initially occur in the historical transition from_____________?
73 - Bureaucracy and extensive social differentiation initially occur in the historical transition from_____________?
horticultural to agricultural society
74 - A persons family in addition to being a primary group is also a______________?
74 - A persons family in addition to being a primary group is also a______________?
membership
75 - Primary group are basic to the development of____________________?
75 - Primary group are basic to the development of____________________?
personality
76 - An example of a category would be_____________?
76 - An example of a category would be_____________?
all the redheads currently imprisoned in the U.S
77 - Role strain___________?
77 - Role strain___________?
all of the above
78 - Societies in which ascribed statuses have been prevalent include______________?
78 - Societies in which ascribed statuses have been prevalent include______________?
A and C only
79 - Another way of saying that position in a group are value-rated by group members is_______________?
79 - Another way of saying that position in a group are value-rated by group members is_______________?
statuses are ranked
80 - Social life is organized and structured through____________?
80 - Social life is organized and structured through____________?
all of the above
81 - Critiques of bureaucratic forms of business administration argue that_____________?
81 - Critiques of bureaucratic forms of business administration argue that_____________?
vertical hierarchies of power are too sluggish
82 - Utilitarian organizations include_____________?
82 - Utilitarian organizations include_____________?
businesses and industries of all types
83 - The earliest and least complex society was___________?
83 - The earliest and least complex society was___________?
hunting and gathering
84 - Social organization________________?
84 - Social organization________________?
is microsocial macrosocial and interchangeable with social structure
85 - Symbolic interaction ?
85 - Symbolic interaction ?
includes gestures speech and music
86 - The human social process most important for social interaction is_______________?
86 - The human social process most important for social interaction is_______________?
cooperation
87 - The microelements of societies are made up of_____________?
87 - The microelements of societies are made up of_____________?
processes of social interaction
88 - Industrial societies are based on____________?
88 - Industrial societies are based on____________?
machines for production
89 - To a person who belongs to it beer can collectors, club is a(n) ?
89 - To a person who belongs to it beer can collectors, club is a(n) ?
membership group
90 - One British psychologist believes that the Western family causes most of the mental illness in individuals This theory implies that ___________??
90 - One British psychologist believes that the Western family causes most of the mental illness in individuals This theory implies that ___________??
primary group relations can be harmful to the individual
91 - A secondary group is characterized by_________________?
91 - A secondary group is characterized by_________________?
formal interaction
92 - The smallest group is constituted by the________________?
92 - The smallest group is constituted by the________________?
dyad
93 - A police office follows a speeding car and when the car finally stops she is horrified to discover her husband at the wheel in giving him a ticket she experiences______________?
93 - A police office follows a speeding car and when the car finally stops she is horrified to discover her husband at the wheel in giving him a ticket she experiences______________?
role conflict
94 - Achieved status would be especially important in_______________?
94 - Achieved status would be especially important in_______________?
none of the above
95 - Statuses are based on______________?
95 - Statuses are based on______________?
all of the above
96 - A mother preparing lunch for her child is an example of a(n)______________?
96 - A mother preparing lunch for her child is an example of a(n)______________?
role
97 - Social structure refers to_________________?
97 - Social structure refers to_________________?
norms roles and group in a social system
98 - Studying the interaction between government and the economy would occur on a______________?
98 - Studying the interaction between government and the economy would occur on a______________?
microsocial level
99 - The allocation of tasks to particular individuals who specialize in performing them is referred to as_______________?
99 - The allocation of tasks to particular individuals who specialize in performing them is referred to as_______________?
division of labor
100 - Which of the following is a group ?
100 - Which of the following is a group ?
softball players performing in a playoff tournament
101 - Role conflicts tend to occur______________?
101 - Role conflicts tend to occur______________?
because we must fulfill several demanding roles simultaneously
102 - Which is NOT an element of social structure ?
102 - Which is NOT an element of social structure ?
Concepts
103 - A reference group is a(n) ?
103 - A reference group is a(n) ?
formal or informal organization to which one belongs
104 - Faulty role performance ?
104 - Faulty role performance ?
all of the above
105 - If the daughter of a factory worker wants to become the president of the company for which her father works we may assume that______________?
105 - If the daughter of a factory worker wants to become the president of the company for which her father works we may assume that______________?
she has a different reference group than her social class would indicate
106 - Cultural change is always________________?
106 - Cultural change is always________________?
both of the above
107 - Countercultures are_______________?
107 - Countercultures are_______________?
groups whose values are in explicit opposition to those of the wider societal culture
108 - An example of a temporary subculture would be_______________?
108 - An example of a temporary subculture would be_______________?
the MTV generation
109 - Similarities common to all cultures are called_________________?
109 - Similarities common to all cultures are called_________________?
cultural universals
110 - In one sense of the term everyone is ethnocentric This is because______________?
110 - In one sense of the term everyone is ethnocentric This is because______________?
it is virtually impossible not to view people and situations in terms of some of the norms and categories derived from one,s own cultural experiences
111 - The five pivotal institutions are__________________?
111 - The five pivotal institutions are__________________?
the economy government religion family and education
112 - Official sanctions usually entail________________?
112 - Official sanctions usually entail________________?
public recognition
113 - Violation of a folkway is considered ?
113 - Violation of a folkway is considered ?
a slight to one,s group but not a punishable offense
114 - The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis ?
114 - The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis ?
emphasizes the difficulty of understanding another culture as its participants understand it
115 - Language gestures and music are________________?
115 - Language gestures and music are________________?
symbol systems
116 - Culture______________?
116 - Culture______________?
is arguably possessed to some degree by nonhuman primates as well as humans
117 - The creation of culture unlike playwriting ?
117 - The creation of culture unlike playwriting ?
all of the above
118 - If culture is comparable to a script for a play then______________?
118 - If culture is comparable to a script for a play then______________?
society may be compared to a troupe of actors
119 - The attitude of some Americans toward the minorities in their midst shows_______________?
119 - The attitude of some Americans toward the minorities in their midst shows_______________?
the importance of culture
120 - When we refer to how people really behave we________________?
120 - When we refer to how people really behave we________________?
use statistical norms
121 - Humans depend on others for full development and generally live in groups They are________________?
121 - Humans depend on others for full development and generally live in groups They are________________?
social
122 - "Personal space is defined differently in different societies Therefore we can say that_____________?
122 - "Personal space is defined differently in different societies Therefore we can say that_____________?
culture shapes both verbal and nonverbal behavior
123 - The cognitive component of culture__________________?
123 - The cognitive component of culture__________________?
includes knowledge beliefs and technology
124 - The most essential element of culture is______________?
124 - The most essential element of culture is______________?
language
125 - Most animal behavior is determined by_________________?
125 - Most animal behavior is determined by_________________?
biology and instinct
126 - Which is an example of a subculture ?
126 - Which is an example of a subculture ?
Kiwi culture
127 - To say that American music is the best in the world is an example of__________________?
127 - To say that American music is the best in the world is an example of__________________?
ethnocentrism
128 - Institution are_________________?
128 - Institution are_________________?
traditional habits centering around fundamental human needs
129 - Americans proclaim the need for honesty but cheat on their tax returns This situation indicates that_____________?
129 - Americans proclaim the need for honesty but cheat on their tax returns This situation indicates that_____________?
Americans often follow a covert culture in actual behavior
130 - People often accept social control based on________________?
130 - People often accept social control based on________________?
positive sanctions
131 - In the United States an example of a taboo is_______________?
131 - In the United States an example of a taboo is_______________?
marrying sister
132 - Love of money peace and God are American ?
132 - Love of money peace and God are American ?
values
133 - Norms are__________________?
133 - Norms are__________________?
all of the above
134 - Material culture________________?
134 - Material culture________________?
illustrates the evolution of tools and includes all objects made by humans
135 - Sapir and Whorf believe that______________?
135 - Sapir and Whorf believe that______________?
the structure of a language shapes a people view of the world
136 - Culture is based on______________?
136 - Culture is based on______________?
learning thorough symbols
137 - The most important differences among humans are based on ______________ ?
137 - The most important differences among humans are based on ______________ ?
culture
138 - Systems of beliefs and behavior designed to meet basic human needs are called ?
138 - Systems of beliefs and behavior designed to meet basic human needs are called ?
institutions
139 - Which of the following is an example of a culture trait ?
139 - Which of the following is an example of a culture trait ?
BOTH rings and exchanging wedding vows
140 - Norms are essentially ?
140 - Norms are essentially ?
rules for behavior
141 - Some American Indians cannot express the idea of time in their tribal languages This fact shows that_____________ ??
141 - Some American Indians cannot express the idea of time in their tribal languages This fact shows that_____________ ??
time is not an important value in their culture
142 - Americans are likely to experience culture shock_______________?
142 - Americans are likely to experience culture shock_______________?
when they come in contact with an unfamiliar culture
143 - The discipline that studies such disparate subjects as the environment religion politics criminality organization and so on is______________?
143 - The discipline that studies such disparate subjects as the environment religion politics criminality organization and so on is______________?
sociology
144 - Anthropologists have developed ?
144 - Anthropologists have developed ?
a number of theories
145 - The first step in the scientific method is____________?
145 - The first step in the scientific method is____________?
selection of area to be researched
146 - All but WHICH of the following characteristics of humans led to the development of science ?
146 - All but WHICH of the following characteristics of humans led to the development of science ?
The use of reason
147 - Scientific observation in the social sciences differs from that in the natural sciences because___________?
147 - Scientific observation in the social sciences differs from that in the natural sciences because___________?
the social sciences deal with the behavior of people
148 - The study and comparative analysis of preliterate societies is one of the chief concerns of______________?
148 - The study and comparative analysis of preliterate societies is one of the chief concerns of______________?
anthropology
149 - The scientific method contains all but one of the following techniques ?
149 - The scientific method contains all but one of the following techniques ?
selecting data to prove a point
150 - Skepticism refers to________________?
150 - Skepticism refers to________________?
doubting
151 - Experiments are_______________?
151 - Experiments are_______________?
based on controlling a variable and observing the results
152 - An intensive study of an individual or a small group is made by using the following research method ?
152 - An intensive study of an individual or a small group is made by using the following research method ?
case study
153 - Scientific research relates to________________?
153 - Scientific research relates to________________?
all of the above
154 - A theory is a______________?
154 - A theory is a______________?
set of concepts and generalization
155 - The study of human group behavior is the definition of________________?
155 - The study of human group behavior is the definition of________________?
sociology
156 - Political science stresses the study of_______________?
156 - Political science stresses the study of_______________?
all of the above
157 - The social science that deals with human use of the natural environment is______________?
157 - The social science that deals with human use of the natural environment is______________?
geography
158 - Anthropology is restricted to the study of_______________?
158 - Anthropology is restricted to the study of_______________?
none of the above
159 - During the Enlightenment of the 18th century_______________?
159 - During the Enlightenment of the 18th century_______________?
a number of scholars believed human social life could be studied scientifically
160 - The social sciences have_____________?
160 - The social sciences have_____________?
problems with studying people in laboratories
161 - Scientific conclusions are_________________?
161 - Scientific conclusions are_________________?
relative to time and place of study and subject to revision
162 - Human beings are born into a social world that is_______________?
162 - Human beings are born into a social world that is_______________?
the result of cultural development over previous generation
163 - The research method in which the researcher controls one variable and observes and records the results is called_____________?
163 - The research method in which the researcher controls one variable and observes and records the results is called_____________?
experiment
164 - The economic participant who decides how to use the factors of production and for what purpose in called a________________?
164 - The economic participant who decides how to use the factors of production and for what purpose in called a________________?
firm
165 - In an open or class society_________________?
165 - In an open or class society_________________?
status is both achieved and ascribed
166 - The objective approach to determine social class membership is based on________________?
166 - The objective approach to determine social class membership is based on________________?
all of the above
167 - Among the factors that favor individual mobility are_________________?
167 - Among the factors that favor individual mobility are_________________?
late marriage
168 - Open stratification systems are associated with__________________?
168 - Open stratification systems are associated with__________________?
industrialization
169 - The mechanism of the market system provides for________________?
169 - The mechanism of the market system provides for________________?
all of the above
170 - Which of the following groups determine market transactions ?
170 - Which of the following groups determine market transactions ?
Households firms and central authorities
171 - Power is_________________?
171 - Power is_________________?
all of the above
172 - Martin Luther king,s status was based on his_____________?
172 - Martin Luther king,s status was based on his_____________?
social influence
173 - Max Weber believed that_______________?
173 - Max Weber believed that_______________?
class is closely related to life chances
174 - Marx,s view of social class is that______________?
174 - Marx,s view of social class is that______________?
private ownership of the means of production perpetuates class divisions
175 - The structural functionalist explanation of social stratification asserts that________________?
175 - The structural functionalist explanation of social stratification asserts that________________?
there is a limited number of skilled talented people thus they should be rewarded
176 - Social Darwinists believed that________________?
176 - Social Darwinists believed that________________?
only the strongest persons should control the resources of a society
177 - In stratified societies categories of people are ranked by______________?
177 - In stratified societies categories of people are ranked by______________?
power
178 - Social ranking is based on________________?
178 - Social ranking is based on________________?
all of the above
179 - "The ability of one individual or group to control the actions of another individual or group without the latter's consent" is a definition of____________?
179 - "The ability of one individual or group to control the actions of another individual or group without the latter's consent" is a definition of____________?
power
180 - All systems of stratification display the following characteristics except_________________?
180 - All systems of stratification display the following characteristics except_________________?
segmentation
181 - Among the reason for overturning death penalty verdicts on appeal are______________?
181 - Among the reason for overturning death penalty verdicts on appeal are______________?
all of the above
182 - According to criminologists_______________?
182 - According to criminologists_______________?
the death penalty does not act as a deterrent
183 - The high cost of fighting crime is due in large part to_______________?
183 - The high cost of fighting crime is due in large part to_______________?
an increase in prison inmates
184 - illegal acts that are characterized by deceit concealment or violation of trust is the FBI,s definition of_______________?
184 - illegal acts that are characterized by deceit concealment or violation of trust is the FBI,s definition of_______________?
white-collar crime
185 - A low incidence of crime is more characteristic of________________?
185 - A low incidence of crime is more characteristic of________________?
only and b
186 - Drug addiction has been characterized as a victimless crime meaning ?
186 - Drug addiction has been characterized as a victimless crime meaning ?
addicts choose to be addicted and hurt no one but themselves
187 - Gambling and prostitution are included in the category of______________?
187 - Gambling and prostitution are included in the category of______________?
social order crimes
188 - Howard Becker,s term for the process whereby individuals are accused sermonized and punished is_______________?
188 - Howard Becker,s term for the process whereby individuals are accused sermonized and punished is_______________?
labeling
189 - Criminologists Cloward and Ohlin Classified delinquent gangs into which of the following categories ?
189 - Criminologists Cloward and Ohlin Classified delinquent gangs into which of the following categories ?
Criminal realist conflict
190 - A medical model of deviance assumes that it is caused by_________________?
190 - A medical model of deviance assumes that it is caused by_________________?
all of the above
191 - Serious mental disorders that often require periods of hospitalization or institutionalization are called____________?
191 - Serious mental disorders that often require periods of hospitalization or institutionalization are called____________?
psychoses
192 - Biological explanations of deviance________________?
192 - Biological explanations of deviance________________?
were popular during the first half of the 20th century
193 - According to the differential association theory deviant acts are_________________?
193 - According to the differential association theory deviant acts are_________________?
learned through interaction with others
194 - Which of the following acts does NOT constitute a crime if committed by an adult ?
194 - Which of the following acts does NOT constitute a crime if committed by an adult ?
Truancy
195 - The exchange system is based on_______________?
195 - The exchange system is based on_______________?
supply and demand
196 - Which of the following is an index crime ?
196 - Which of the following is an index crime ?
robbery
197 - Aggregate demand is defined as_________________?
197 - Aggregate demand is defined as_________________?
the total demand in a society or on a world level for goods and services
198 - Labeling theory has been criticized because_________________?
198 - Labeling theory has been criticized because_________________?
an undiscovered teller who steals from his bank is still a deviant
199 - Deviance that has not been discovered is called ?
199 - Deviance that has not been discovered is called ?
primary deviance
200 - The middle- and low-income nation are located mostly in_______________?
200 - The middle- and low-income nation are located mostly in_______________?
the southern regions of the world
201 - What percentage of the earth's people live in low-income areas ?
201 - What percentage of the earth's people live in low-income areas ?
0.56
202 - The largest of the world regions containing 44 countries is_____________?
202 - The largest of the world regions containing 44 countries is_____________?
Sub-Saharan Africa
203 - The desert and semi-arid regions of the Middle East are resource-poor except for_______________?
203 - The desert and semi-arid regions of the Middle East are resource-poor except for_______________?
oil
204 - The most advanced form of regional cooperation is exhibited by______________?
204 - The most advanced form of regional cooperation is exhibited by______________?
Europe
205 - When a state experiences a foreign policy crisis_______________?
205 - When a state experiences a foreign policy crisis_______________?
both general and administrative personnel are involved
206 - The Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan and NATO are characteristic of which period ?
206 - The Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan and NATO are characteristic of which period ?
containment
207 - When President Kennedy told the Soviet leader to withdraw Russian missiles in Cuba it was an illustration of one of the following types of foreign policy ?
207 - When President Kennedy told the Soviet leader to withdraw Russian missiles in Cuba it was an illustration of one of the following types of foreign policy ?
crisis
208 - An example of a state that has had to worry about and defend its very physical existence is_______________?
208 - An example of a state that has had to worry about and defend its very physical existence is_______________?
Israel
209 - Political scientist Morgenthau and the realist school believe that foreign policy is based on_______________?
209 - Political scientist Morgenthau and the realist school believe that foreign policy is based on_______________?
exercise of power
210 - In the present national power is based on________________?
210 - In the present national power is based on________________?
specific combinations of attributes
211 - The type of foreign policy decisions made by the governmental bureaucracy fall into the category of_______________?
211 - The type of foreign policy decisions made by the governmental bureaucracy fall into the category of_______________?
administrative foreign policy
212 - Which perspective looks at the world-wide context and emphasizes economic factors ?
212 - Which perspective looks at the world-wide context and emphasizes economic factors ?
Globalism
213 - An ideology or doctrine spread through persuasion is______________?
213 - An ideology or doctrine spread through persuasion is______________?
propaganda
214 - "The capacity of a nation to use its resources to affect the behavior of other nations" is a definition of________________?
214 - "The capacity of a nation to use its resources to affect the behavior of other nations" is a definition of________________?
power in the context of international relations
215 - If the GNP increases by 8% and prices increase by 3% the actual growth rate is_______________?
215 - If the GNP increases by 8% and prices increase by 3% the actual growth rate is_______________?
0.05
216 - When the government must pay for fighter planes based on commitments made five years previously the spending the spending is called________________?
216 - When the government must pay for fighter planes based on commitments made five years previously the spending the spending is called________________?
uncontrollable
217 - Manipulation of taxation and spending levels is______________?
217 - Manipulation of taxation and spending levels is______________?
fiscal policy
218 - What is the Phillips curve ?
218 - What is the Phillips curve ?
a graphic representation of conflict between full employment and inflation
219 - Engineers lawyer's investment bankers' top CEOs entertainers and so on are described as_____________?
219 - Engineers lawyer's investment bankers' top CEOs entertainers and so on are described as_____________?
symbolic analysts
220 - Economic policies do not work as well as they should because of obstacles posed by______________?
220 - Economic policies do not work as well as they should because of obstacles posed by______________?
all of the above
221 - During and after a depression the government can use fiscal policy through its powers of_____________?
221 - During and after a depression the government can use fiscal policy through its powers of_____________?
spending and taxation
222 - A demand-side theory that focuses on the role of money to finance aggregate demand is termed__________?
222 - A demand-side theory that focuses on the role of money to finance aggregate demand is termed__________?
monetarism
223 - The Keynesian revolution acknowledged_________________ ?
223 - The Keynesian revolution acknowledged_________________ ?
that the market was inherently unstable
224 - One of the functions of public policy is to________________?
224 - One of the functions of public policy is to________________?
mediate among conflicting economic goals
225 - In economic growth it is important to consider________________?
225 - In economic growth it is important to consider________________?
all of the above
226 - A way of calculating the total output of the economy and all incomes earned within the Pakistan regardless of whether the resources are Pakistan or foreign is_______________?
226 - A way of calculating the total output of the economy and all incomes earned within the Pakistan regardless of whether the resources are Pakistan or foreign is_______________?
the GDP
227 - Income distribution according to productive contribution is____________?
227 - Income distribution according to productive contribution is____________?
efficient but inequitable
228 - Congestion pollution urban decay and similar side effects of the market system are termed_____________?
228 - Congestion pollution urban decay and similar side effects of the market system are termed_____________?
externalities
229 - The public sector_________________?
229 - The public sector_________________?
all of the above
230 - "Laissez-faire" is a policy that appeals to_______________?
230 - "Laissez-faire" is a policy that appeals to_______________?
political conservatives
231 - Participant observation_________________?
231 - Participant observation_________________?
may compromise the objectivity of the researcher
232 - The main function of organized labor is to_______________?
232 - The main function of organized labor is to_______________?
bargain collectively
233 - A professional trained in a narrow abstract field is a________________?
233 - A professional trained in a narrow abstract field is a________________?
specialist
234 - Capitalisms roots can be found in_________________?
234 - Capitalisms roots can be found in_________________?
machine-based production
235 - The price system_______________?
235 - The price system_______________?
only B and C
236 - The more consumers are willing to pay for a product_____________________?
236 - The more consumers are willing to pay for a product_____________________?
the more of the product will be produced
237 - NAFTA binds which three countries into a single commercial entity ?
237 - NAFTA binds which three countries into a single commercial entity ?
United States Canada Mexico
238 - The condition of an increase in prices NOT triggered by an increase in demand is called_______________?
238 - The condition of an increase in prices NOT triggered by an increase in demand is called_______________?
inflation
239 - The marginal productivity of labor_________________?
239 - The marginal productivity of labor_________________?
all of the above
240 - Which of the following is NOT a predominant goal of American society ?
240 - Which of the following is NOT a predominant goal of American society ?
none of the above are dominant goals
241 - Income received by firms that is not returned to households or other firms is called________________?
241 - Income received by firms that is not returned to households or other firms is called________________?
withdrawals
242 - Income received by firms from sources other than households is called_________________?
242 - Income received by firms from sources other than households is called_________________?
injections
243 - The behavior of an individual firm is part of_______________?
243 - The behavior of an individual firm is part of_______________?
macroeconomics
244 - The participants in a market economy cannot pursue their goals freely because they are affected by_________________?
244 - The participants in a market economy cannot pursue their goals freely because they are affected by_________________?
prices and incomes
245 - Inflation results when_________________?
245 - Inflation results when_________________?
demand exceeds supply
246 - Which is NOT a socioeconomic goal _______________?
246 - Which is NOT a socioeconomic goal _______________?
Low prime interest rate
247 - When supply and demand are essentially equal the economy is said to be in________________?
247 - When supply and demand are essentially equal the economy is said to be in________________?
equilibrium
248 - Public government agencies are________________?
248 - Public government agencies are________________?
central authorities
249 - Professionalization means________________?
249 - Professionalization means________________?
having theoretical knowledge in addition to training
250 - What kind of a system is the economic institution ?
250 - What kind of a system is the economic institution ?
Cultural and social
251 - The following factors are important in production_______________?
251 - The following factors are important in production_______________?
technology time efficiency
252 - Today most workers in the United States are employed in the_________________?
252 - Today most workers in the United States are employed in the_________________?
tertiary sector
253 - When the American Cigar Co buys a pizza chain the process is called________________?
253 - When the American Cigar Co buys a pizza chain the process is called________________?
diversification
254 - When a few powerful corporation dominate as industry the condition is called_____________?
254 - When a few powerful corporation dominate as industry the condition is called_____________?
oligopoly
255 - The Industrial Revolution shifted the emphasis in ownership from land to______________?
255 - The Industrial Revolution shifted the emphasis in ownership from land to______________?
the means of production machines tools materials
256 - Socialism and communism both call for________________?
256 - Socialism and communism both call for________________?
government controlling parts of the economy for the common good
257 - Consumer sovereignty means that________________?
257 - Consumer sovereignty means that________________?
all of the above
258 - A member of a Navajo tribe can graze his sheep on clan land but he cannot sell it Navajo land is what kind of property ?
258 - A member of a Navajo tribe can graze his sheep on clan land but he cannot sell it Navajo land is what kind of property ?
Communal
259 - The production possibilities frontier refers to_______________?
259 - The production possibilities frontier refers to_______________?
the amount of each commodity that can be produced given available resources
260 - Material objects found in nature are called_______________?
260 - Material objects found in nature are called_______________?
land
261 - In industrial societies consumption ?
261 - In industrial societies consumption ?
maintains and fuels demand
262 - Professionalization means__________________?
262 - Professionalization means__________________?
a combination of theoretical knowledge and training
263 - What does one call property owned by the state in the name of the people ?
263 - What does one call property owned by the state in the name of the people ?
public
264 - A society's economic system is largely determined by its concept of________________?
264 - A society's economic system is largely determined by its concept of________________?
property
265 - Resources are defined as___________________?
265 - Resources are defined as___________________?
everything that is needed for the production of goods and services including human energy
266 - The primary function of the economy as a social institution is to________________?
266 - The primary function of the economy as a social institution is to________________?
Provide a blueprint showing people how to survive
267 - Political activists_______________?
267 - Political activists_______________?
are moving outside the Democratic party to achieve some of their political goals
268 - If we add the numerical values of all our cases together and divide by the number of cases we get the_______________?
268 - If we add the numerical values of all our cases together and divide by the number of cases we get the_______________?
mean
269 - The current transitional period in which there is uncertainty as to what will happen to political parties is termed ?
269 - The current transitional period in which there is uncertainty as to what will happen to political parties is termed ?
dealignment
270 - A symbiotic relationship exists between__________________?
270 - A symbiotic relationship exists between__________________?
all of the above
271 - "Soft "money is_________________?
271 - "Soft "money is_________________?
none of the above
272 - C.Wright Mills wrote that the "power elite" controls_________________?
272 - C.Wright Mills wrote that the "power elite" controls_________________?
the major issues like war and peace
273 - Third parties arise when_____________?
273 - Third parties arise when_____________?
a large portion of the electorate is dissatisfied with the other candidates
274 - The leaders of interest groups tend to be_________________?
274 - The leaders of interest groups tend to be_________________?
more liberal than the rank and file
275 - Shortcomings of interest groups include______________?
275 - Shortcomings of interest groups include______________?
the dissemination of biased information
276 - According to Robert Salisbury the crucial factor in turning awareness of an issue into an organized movement is_______________?
276 - According to Robert Salisbury the crucial factor in turning awareness of an issue into an organized movement is_______________?
leadership
277 - Public policy is________________?
277 - Public policy is________________?
all of the above
278 - The process of circulating petitions in order to place specific issues before the legislators is called____________?
278 - The process of circulating petitions in order to place specific issues before the legislators is called____________?
initiative
279 - The factors influencing the political behavior of American voters include ?
279 - The factors influencing the political behavior of American voters include ?
all of the above
280 - Public policy according to elitists tends to reflect______________?
280 - Public policy according to elitists tends to reflect______________?
the values of the elites
281 - According to the "broker rule" school of though________________?
281 - According to the "broker rule" school of though________________?
power is diffused among numerous interest groups who compete and compromise on the decision-making process
282 - The relationship of the mass media and politicians can be described as_________________?
282 - The relationship of the mass media and politicians can be described as_________________?
symbiotic and adversarial
283 - A predisposition toward certain points of view is called_______________?
283 - A predisposition toward certain points of view is called_______________?
attitude
284 - The current Palestinians are a_____________?
284 - The current Palestinians are a_____________?
nation without a state
285 - The negative functions of interest groups include_______________?
285 - The negative functions of interest groups include_______________?
none of the above
286 - Interest groups have the following traits They_______________?
286 - Interest groups have the following traits They_______________?
are only accountable to themselves
287 - The nation with the longest political campaign period is_______________?
287 - The nation with the longest political campaign period is_______________?
the United States
288 - The unique two-party system in the United States is based on______________?
288 - The unique two-party system in the United States is based on______________?
broad agreement on basic principles
289 - The main purpose of a political party in a democracy is to________________?
289 - The main purpose of a political party in a democracy is to________________?
gain power
290 - Advocates of the elitist approach believe that the ruling elite maintains its power by____________?
290 - Advocates of the elitist approach believe that the ruling elite maintains its power by____________?
manipulation of the masses
291 - The elitist school of thought asserts that______________?
291 - The elitist school of thought asserts that______________?
the elite is not always against the masses
292 - C.Wright Mills maintains that the nation is really ruled by_______________?
292 - C.Wright Mills maintains that the nation is really ruled by_______________?
a power elite
293 - The American democratic system is based on________________?
293 - The American democratic system is based on________________?
all of the above
294 - Political scientists Dye and Zeigler maintain that____________?
294 - Political scientists Dye and Zeigler maintain that____________?
the elite may be influenced by the masses but it is more likely that it influences the masses
295 - Which of the following is identified with the elitist view _____________?
295 - Which of the following is identified with the elitist view _____________?
BOTH Mills and Marx
296 - Supervising and investigating the manner in which the legislative bureaucracy carries out and implements the laws Congress passes is a function called_____________?
296 - Supervising and investigating the manner in which the legislative bureaucracy carries out and implements the laws Congress passes is a function called_____________?
oversight
297 - The second function of the legislative branch is to______________?
297 - The second function of the legislative branch is to______________?
ensure a system of representation
298 - The major function of the legislative branch is_______________?
298 - The major function of the legislative branch is_______________?
to enact legislation
299 - Which of the following programs are particularly dependent upon state resources ?
299 - Which of the following programs are particularly dependent upon state resources ?
Public education
300 - In a confederacy________________?
300 - In a confederacy________________?
all political power ultimately belongs to the states
301 - Government based on the rule of either the landed gentry the educated and privileged or the hereditary nobility is called_______________?
301 - Government based on the rule of either the landed gentry the educated and privileged or the hereditary nobility is called_______________?
aristocracy
302 - When politicians refer to the intention of the framers of the Constitution of the United States they are making recourse to_____________?
302 - When politicians refer to the intention of the framers of the Constitution of the United States they are making recourse to_____________?
traditional authority
303 - The federal system is contrasted with a (n)_______________?
303 - The federal system is contrasted with a (n)_______________?
BOTH unitary and confederate systems
304 - Some state powers are inferred from the power specifically delegated by the Constitution to the central government These are Called ___________?
304 - Some state powers are inferred from the power specifically delegated by the Constitution to the central government These are Called ___________?
reserved powers
305 - One of the most powerful committees in the House of Representatives is the_____________?
305 - One of the most powerful committees in the House of Representatives is the_____________?
Rules Committee
306 - It may be said that the three branches of government________________?
306 - It may be said that the three branches of government________________?
undergo checks and balances among one another
307 - It is the function of Congress to_______________?
307 - It is the function of Congress to_______________?
vote funds for conducting foreign affairs
308 - The powers held by the states include those that are________________?
308 - The powers held by the states include those that are________________?
reserved
309 - Constitution are_________________?
309 - Constitution are_________________?
instruments for limiting governmental power
310 - What models did the frames of the Constitution use for the office of the presidency ?
310 - What models did the frames of the Constitution use for the office of the presidency ?
None
311 - Most autocratic regimes have constitutions based on the principle of the_________?
311 - Most autocratic regimes have constitutions based on the principle of the_________?
rule of men
312 - When did the United States government begin to function as a cohesive unit ?
312 - When did the United States government begin to function as a cohesive unit ?
Both B and C
313 - The principle of the separation of powers________________?
313 - The principle of the separation of powers________________?
is prescribed by the Constitution
314 - The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to_________________?
314 - The purpose of the Bill of Rights is to_________________?
restrict the power of the government
315 - The favorable evaluation of presidents is based on______________?
315 - The favorable evaluation of presidents is based on______________?
dynamic political leadership
316 - Congressional representation is based on______________?
316 - Congressional representation is based on______________?
BOTH single-member constituency and proportional representation
317 - Which is NOT a restraint imposed on the United States government ?
317 - Which is NOT a restraint imposed on the United States government ?
Presidential supremacy
318 - The system of distributing political power between a central national government and the governments of the geographical regions of the nation is called ?
318 - The system of distributing political power between a central national government and the governments of the geographical regions of the nation is called ?
federalism
319 - The "invisible hand" refers to_______________?
319 - The "invisible hand" refers to_______________?
a feature of Adam Smith,s Wealth of Nations
320 - Smith wrote that private ownership of the means of production would ?
320 - Smith wrote that private ownership of the means of production would ?
stimulate economic growth as each individual tried to maximize profits
321 - The unraveling of soviet communism can be traced to______________?
321 - The unraveling of soviet communism can be traced to______________?
all of the above
322 - The difference in the three most prevalent economic systems lies in how ?
322 - The difference in the three most prevalent economic systems lies in how ?
much the government interferes in the economy
323 - The cause of freedom is served according to democratic capitalists when__________________?
323 - The cause of freedom is served according to democratic capitalists when__________________?
everyone has the chance to become a millionaire
324 - Democratic socialism is an ideology that______________?
324 - Democratic socialism is an ideology that______________?
seeks to provide essential services to all
325 - The democratic state is based on the social contract theories of Locke and Rousseau These theories maintain that ?
325 - The democratic state is based on the social contract theories of Locke and Rousseau These theories maintain that ?
the people allow themselves to be governed for their own good
326 - In theory communism calls for______________?
326 - In theory communism calls for______________?
abolition of private property
327 - Communism has a history of attracting Third World nations because of the fact that_____________?
327 - Communism has a history of attracting Third World nations because of the fact that_____________?
it promises to give more power to the masses
328 - The history of the world according to Marx could be interpreted through ?
328 - The history of the world according to Marx could be interpreted through ?
dialectic materialism
329 - The concept of human inequality ?
329 - The concept of human inequality ?
underlies fascism
330 - Fascism first emerged ?
330 - Fascism first emerged ?
in Italy under the leadership of Benito Mussolini
331 - Totalitarian regimes_____________?
331 - Totalitarian regimes_____________?
control the individual socially and politically
332 - ideologies may be______________?
332 - ideologies may be______________?
all of the above
333 - Most ideologies consist of________________?
333 - Most ideologies consist of________________?
a body of doctrines beliefs and symbols
334 - Political ideology deals with______________?
334 - Political ideology deals with______________?
matters of rule selection and principles of rule
335 - Ideologies____________?
335 - Ideologies____________?
direct people to act in a certain way
336 - A number of social commentator's fear that having become a nation of hyphenated Americans ?
336 - A number of social commentator's fear that having become a nation of hyphenated Americans ?
we may begin to our national identity
337 - When a new nation is formed ?
337 - When a new nation is formed ?
all of these
338 - From a sociological viewpoint to say that deviance has functions means that ?
338 - From a sociological viewpoint to say that deviance has functions means that ?
deviance may contribute to group cohesion
339 - Deviance is relative because ____________?
339 - Deviance is relative because ____________?
the definition of social norms varies by culture and subculture
340 - According to the labeling theory which of the following concepts explains why a labeled individual becomes deviant ?
340 - According to the labeling theory which of the following concepts explains why a labeled individual becomes deviant ?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Pages
No comments:
Post a Comment
Your Valued Comments Help us to improve our site. Thanks