1 - The majority of the human population lives in________________?
1 - The majority of the human population lives in________________?
Eurasia
2 - The most dramatic change that followed each technological revolution was_______________?
2 - The most dramatic change that followed each technological revolution was_______________?
a dramatic increase in population
3 - In Third World countries the factors that discourage birth control include________________?
3 - In Third World countries the factors that discourage birth control include________________?
traditional values
4 - Natural resources are_______________?
4 - Natural resources are_______________?
finite
5 - The oil supplies of the United States are subject to______________?
5 - The oil supplies of the United States are subject to______________?
environmental depletion
6 - A reduction of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere leads to_____________?
6 - A reduction of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere leads to_____________?
climate changes
7 - A lake is polluted The fish in it die The algae make unpleasant odors It may be said that__________________?
7 - A lake is polluted The fish in it die The algae make unpleasant odors It may be said that__________________?
all of the above
8 - Urban renewal has_________________?
8 - Urban renewal has_________________?
moved residents but not improved conditions
9 - A ghetto tends to contain________________?
9 - A ghetto tends to contain________________?
a concentration of one racial group in an area
10 - When metropolitan areas start to merge with each other the result is_______________?
10 - When metropolitan areas start to merge with each other the result is_______________?
a megalopolis
11 - A metropolitan area consists of__________________?
11 - A metropolitan area consists of__________________?
a central city and surrounding suburbs and small towns
12 - suburbanization today is based on__________________?
12 - suburbanization today is based on__________________?
social class
13 - Modern urban sociologists in contrast to the Chicago school believe that cities_______________?
13 - Modern urban sociologists in contrast to the Chicago school believe that cities_______________?
stimulate creativity
14 - The percentage of people around the world who lived in cities in 2005 is approximately________________?
14 - The percentage of people around the world who lived in cities in 2005 is approximately________________?
49 percent
15 - The emphasis on rural virtues__________________?
15 - The emphasis on rural virtues__________________?
is based on stereotypes
16 - A decline in the rural population was due chiefly to________________?
16 - A decline in the rural population was due chiefly to________________?
the continued improvements in agricultural methods
17 - An ecological city is___________________?
17 - An ecological city is___________________?
the central city suburbs and satellites
18 - In developing nations cities are growing along with rural areas because_______________?
18 - In developing nations cities are growing along with rural areas because_______________?
all of the above
19 - Social organization in the city brought ALL BUT which one of these changes ?
19 - Social organization in the city brought ALL BUT which one of these changes ?
The class structure became more rigid
20 - The urban crisis________________?
20 - The urban crisis________________?
is intensified by the move of the middle class to the suburbs
21 - Factors in the urban crisis include_______________?
21 - Factors in the urban crisis include_______________?
all of the above
22 - The United States Canada Northern and Western Europe among other areas are________________?
22 - The United States Canada Northern and Western Europe among other areas are________________?
in the third stage of the demographic transition
23 - Birthrates remain high is the Third World because_________________?
23 - Birthrates remain high is the Third World because_________________?
all of the above
24 - If population growth in the underdeveloped nations continues unabated in 2050 world population will be______________?
24 - If population growth in the underdeveloped nations continues unabated in 2050 world population will be______________?
10 billion
25 - The failure of rising expectations is related to______________?
25 - The failure of rising expectations is related to______________?
dissatisfaction based on relative deprivation
26 - The stages of the demographic transition model are_________________?
26 - The stages of the demographic transition model are_________________?
all of the above
27 - Thomas Malthus sated that________________?
27 - Thomas Malthus sated that________________?
populations increase in geometric progression
28 - The highest birthrates today are found in________________?
28 - The highest birthrates today are found in________________?
the underdeveloped nations
29 - Population density________________?
29 - Population density________________?
is high in industrial areas
30 - The real problem in population growth is________________?
30 - The real problem in population growth is________________?
uneven density of population
31 - Urban families everywhere in the world_________________?
31 - Urban families everywhere in the world_________________?
voluntarily curb their fertility
32 - Birthrates________________?
32 - Birthrates________________?
are low BOTH in Western Europe and Japan and high in Arabia and Africa
33 - Demographers believe that_______________?
33 - Demographers believe that_______________?
the demographic transition represents a general pattern
34 - Which subject is NOT studied by demography ?
34 - Which subject is NOT studied by demography ?
Rock forming land shaping soil forming
35 - The number of births in a population in relation to every 1000 women of childbearing age in a year is called the________________?
35 - The number of births in a population in relation to every 1000 women of childbearing age in a year is called the________________?
birthrate
36 - Overpopulation is a problem worldwide but only in relation to________________?
36 - Overpopulation is a problem worldwide but only in relation to________________?
demography
37 - The processes of cultural change include______________?
37 - The processes of cultural change include______________?
nationalism and patriotism
38 - Reform movements________________?
38 - Reform movements________________?
may be reactionary or progressive
39 - As a result of social change some members of society_______________?
39 - As a result of social change some members of society_______________?
occupy new statuses
40 - ocial change must be analyzed in terms of________________?
40 - ocial change must be analyzed in terms of________________?
statics and dynamics
41 - The Industrial Revolution______________?
41 - The Industrial Revolution______________?
began in England in the 1800s
42 - Which is false of the process of diffusion ?
42 - Which is false of the process of diffusion ?
A complex culture borrows more elements from a simple culture than the other way around
43 - The fact that pizza is now a popular American food is due to________________?
43 - The fact that pizza is now a popular American food is due to________________?
cultural diffusion
44 - When citizens or government agencies attempt to peacefully correct laws or institutions they are engaged in_____________?
44 - When citizens or government agencies attempt to peacefully correct laws or institutions they are engaged in_____________?
reform
45 - The idea that technology changes social organization and ideology is called______________?
45 - The idea that technology changes social organization and ideology is called______________?
technological revolution
46 - Placing workers and machines in one building is called______________?
46 - Placing workers and machines in one building is called______________?
factory system
47 - The technological revolution that led to the control of food production is called the_______________?
47 - The technological revolution that led to the control of food production is called the_______________?
Agricultural revolution
48 - The popularity of spaghetti in the United States resulted from_______________?
48 - The popularity of spaghetti in the United States resulted from_______________?
diffusion
49 - The knowledge of how the blood circulates in the body is a(n)______________?
49 - The knowledge of how the blood circulates in the body is a(n)______________?
discovery
50 - sociocultural change means that______________?
50 - sociocultural change means that______________?
social and cultural change are interrelated
51 - Modernization in Britain was not as disruptive as in other countries because_______________?
51 - Modernization in Britain was not as disruptive as in other countries because_______________?
the rate of change was slower, so integration of new values was possible
52 - "Future shock"is____________?
52 - "Future shock"is____________?
a phrase used by Alvin Toffler to describe the rapidity of change
53 - Change felt through new patterns of individual and small-group interaction is called_______________?
53 - Change felt through new patterns of individual and small-group interaction is called_______________?
micro-level change
54 - Ideologies_______________?
54 - Ideologies_______________?
underlie all social movements
55 - The Ku Klux Klan is an example of a(n)_________________?
55 - The Ku Klux Klan is an example of a(n)_________________?
change-resistant movement
56 - Redemptive movements include________________?
56 - Redemptive movements include________________?
fundamentalist Christianity
57 - A nationalistic revolution occurred in the________________?
57 - A nationalistic revolution occurred in the________________?
American Revolution
58 - A crisis of legitimacy indicates that_______________?
58 - A crisis of legitimacy indicates that_______________?
the public perceives that legitimate government has failed
59 - Which is NOT an element of a social movement ?
59 - Which is NOT an element of a social movement ?
It involves no orientation toward action
60 - Crowds and masses differ in that___________________?
60 - Crowds and masses differ in that___________________?
people in a crowd are in close proximity to one another
61 - People who are suddenly thrust in a situation for which they know no precedent are vulnerable to_______________?
61 - People who are suddenly thrust in a situation for which they know no precedent are vulnerable to_______________?
collective behavior
62 - Marxists are most interested in_______________?
62 - Marxists are most interested in_______________?
class revolutionary movements
63 - In industrial societies the social class most likely to participate in social movements is the__________?
63 - In industrial societies the social class most likely to participate in social movements is the__________?
middle class
64 - Social movements are forms of collective behavior that have____________________?
64 - Social movements are forms of collective behavior that have____________________?
a sense of solidarity
65 - Social movements tend to______________?
65 - Social movements tend to______________?
all of the above
66 - Persons interested in saving the whales could be considered a (n)______________?
66 - Persons interested in saving the whales could be considered a (n)______________?
public
67 - Many listeners to a 1938 science fiction radio program believed that Martians were really invading the Earth They fled into the streets in panic We would call their behavior______________?
67 - Many listeners to a 1938 science fiction radio program believed that Martians were really invading the Earth They fled into the streets in panic We would call their behavior______________?
none of the above
68 - The crowd at a religious revival meeting is_______________?
68 - The crowd at a religious revival meeting is_______________?
expressive
69 - Collective behavior_______________?
69 - Collective behavior_______________?
has some connection with social factors?
70 - Publics and public opinion________________?
70 - Publics and public opinion________________?
are more characteristic of complex societies than of simple ones
71 - A temporary collection of people gathered in the same place at the same time becomes a crowd when they______________?
71 - A temporary collection of people gathered in the same place at the same time becomes a crowd when they______________?
respond to a common stimulus
72 - A deliberate attempt to persuade the individual to accept a particular belief or to make a specific choice uncritically is______________?
72 - A deliberate attempt to persuade the individual to accept a particular belief or to make a specific choice uncritically is______________?
propaganda
73 - Change may be experienced at which level ?
73 - Change may be experienced at which level ?
Micro middle and macro
74 - Collective behavior is________________?
74 - Collective behavior is________________?
nonroutine
75 - Which is NOT a theory of socialization into gender roles ?
75 - Which is NOT a theory of socialization into gender roles ?
string theory
76 - The differences in behavior between men and women______________?
76 - The differences in behavior between men and women______________?
are due both to biology and culture
77 - As a person age_____________?
77 - As a person age_____________?
health care costs decrease
78 - Kinsey maintained that______________?
78 - Kinsey maintained that______________?
sexuality exists on a continuum
79 - The identical twin who lost his penis in a tragic accident______________?
79 - The identical twin who lost his penis in a tragic accident______________?
preferred dolls to guns
80 - The ideology of ageism__________________?
80 - The ideology of ageism__________________?
asserts that the very young and the very old are inferior
81 - In modern society death has acquired to some extent a sense of_____________?
81 - In modern society death has acquired to some extent a sense of_____________?
unnaturalness
82 - Retirements negative effects are felt most strongly by_____________?
82 - Retirements negative effects are felt most strongly by_____________?
none of the above
83 - The view that the elderly lack social and material resources to reciprocate in relationships and consequently occupy a subservient status is the point of______________?
83 - The view that the elderly lack social and material resources to reciprocate in relationships and consequently occupy a subservient status is the point of______________?
exchange theory
84 - As of 2005 what proportion of women were in managerial professional and administrative positions ?
84 - As of 2005 what proportion of women were in managerial professional and administrative positions ?
0.5
85 - In the case of the male twin castrated during circumcision________________?
85 - In the case of the male twin castrated during circumcision________________?
in spite of attempted socialization as a female he was unhappy in his gender
86 - The media present gender roles_____________?
86 - The media present gender roles_____________?
stereotypically
87 - Identification theory is based on the ideas of______________?
87 - Identification theory is based on the ideas of______________?
Freud
88 - Structured inequality of gender roles_____________?
88 - Structured inequality of gender roles_____________?
has its origins in agricultural communities?
89 - In his book The Inevitability of Patriarchy Steven Goldberg asserts that_____________?
89 - In his book The Inevitability of Patriarchy Steven Goldberg asserts that_____________?
all of the above
90 - The experience of loss or impending loss of a person to whom one is close is called______________?
90 - The experience of loss or impending loss of a person to whom one is close is called______________?
bereavement
91 - Persons set apart for differential treatment include________________?
91 - Persons set apart for differential treatment include________________?
BOTH the disabled and those with same-sex preferences
92 - The elderly are a minority because them________________?
92 - The elderly are a minority because them________________?
lack power
93 - Discrimination against the elderly has been especially apparent in the area of____________?
93 - Discrimination against the elderly has been especially apparent in the area of____________?
employment
94 - Disengagement refers to_______________?
94 - Disengagement refers to_______________?
aged persons abandoning their regular roles so that younger people may assume them
95 - Feminist theory bas borrowed much of the ideas of________________?
95 - Feminist theory bas borrowed much of the ideas of________________?
conflict and Marxist theories
96 - Gender assignment is based on______________?
96 - Gender assignment is based on______________?
a combination of biology and socialization
97 - According to the cognitive development theory children learn gender roles according to____________?
97 - According to the cognitive development theory children learn gender roles according to____________?
which stage of cognitive development they have reached
98 - The subordinate position of women in decision making may result from_____________?
98 - The subordinate position of women in decision making may result from_____________?
the instrumental role assumed by males
99 - Meads work in New Guinea indicated that__________________?
99 - Meads work in New Guinea indicated that__________________?
sex role behavior is conditioned differently in different cultures
100 - Males______________?
100 - Males______________?
are more prone to aggressiveness than females
101 - The basic assertion of ageism is that________________?
101 - The basic assertion of ageism is that________________?
the young are superior to the old
102 - A study of male identical twins one of whom had been castrated by accident during circumcision and treated as a little girl until puberty showed that_______________?
102 - A study of male identical twins one of whom had been castrated by accident during circumcision and treated as a little girl until puberty showed that_______________?
the castrated male still acted like a tomboy
103 - Latino neighborhoods have prospered because________________?
103 - Latino neighborhoods have prospered because________________?
Latinos have a strong sense of community
104 - The difference in attitudes of whites and African Americans is related to_______________?
104 - The difference in attitudes of whites and African Americans is related to_______________?
age
105 - The mechanisms of upward mobility of minorities did NOT include?
105 - The mechanisms of upward mobility of minorities did NOT include?
a social caste system
106 - Discrimination occurs_______________?
106 - Discrimination occurs_______________?
with or without accompanying prejudice
107 - According to Gordon Allport,s theory of contact_______________?
107 - According to Gordon Allport,s theory of contact_______________?
equal status between groups leads to reduced competition
108 - To assign uniform characteristics to an entire group of people without allowing for individual differences is called_____________?
108 - To assign uniform characteristics to an entire group of people without allowing for individual differences is called_____________?
stereotyping
109 - Which of the following processes includes isolation of the minority population ?
109 - Which of the following processes includes isolation of the minority population ?
segregation
110 - Minority groups______________?
110 - Minority groups______________?
constitute a subculture within the larger culture
111 - A minority group consists of______________?
111 - A minority group consists of______________?
people distinguished by their physical or cultural traits
112 - As of the late 1990s________________?
112 - As of the late 1990s________________?
at least 40 percent of blacks were squarely in the middle class
113 - Pluralist societies depend upon one of the following for their existence_______________?
113 - Pluralist societies depend upon one of the following for their existence_______________?
coexistence
114 - The most recent view of black family problems is that they are a result of_______________?
114 - The most recent view of black family problems is that they are a result of_______________?
historic events of recent years
115 - Standard English and the music of music This belief is an example of_______________?
115 - Standard English and the music of music This belief is an example of_______________?
attitudinal discrimination
116 - The small number of black managers and coaches in professional baseball and football is an example of________________?
116 - The small number of black managers and coaches in professional baseball and football is an example of________________?
institutional discrimination
117 - Which statement is an example of stereotyping ?
117 - Which statement is an example of stereotyping ?
All blacks are good basketball players
118 - The merging of majority and minority groups as happened in Brazil is called_______________?
118 - The merging of majority and minority groups as happened in Brazil is called_______________?
amalgamation
119 - The Cuban community in Miami is an example of______________?
119 - The Cuban community in Miami is an example of______________?
accommodation
120 - Maintaining a group's distinctive customs and identity is called______________?
120 - Maintaining a group's distinctive customs and identity is called______________?
cultural pluralism
121 - An ascribed status that a person cannot change is________________?
121 - An ascribed status that a person cannot change is________________?
race
122 - Human races reflect_______________?
122 - Human races reflect_______________?
mixtures of several populations
123 - In sociological studies of race and ethnic relations_______________?
123 - In sociological studies of race and ethnic relations_______________?
minority refers to an oppressed group
124 - Prejudice persists because it________________?
124 - Prejudice persists because it________________?
is emotionally satisfying
125 - Discrimination is_______________?
125 - Discrimination is_______________?
an action taken as a result of prejudicial feelings
126 - Which statement is false regarding prejudice ?
126 - Which statement is false regarding prejudice ?
it is almost never found in persons with an authoritarian personality type
127 - Members of an ethnic group_________________?
127 - Members of an ethnic group_________________?
share social and cultural traits
128 - Scientists agree that________________?
128 - Scientists agree that________________?
all of humankind is descended from the same common stock
129 - Dominant groups tend to use all but which of the following methods in dealing with minorities ?
129 - Dominant groups tend to use all but which of the following methods in dealing with minorities ?
cultural relativity
130 - Minorities have reacted to domination by developing goals that may be called_________________?
130 - Minorities have reacted to domination by developing goals that may be called_________________?
all of the above
131 - The term "minority "may be defined as______________?
131 - The term "minority "may be defined as______________?
any group in society that is socially dominated by another group through discrimination because of race culture religion or sex
132 - By 2050 8 billion of the projected 9.5 billion people will be_____________________?
132 - By 2050 8 billion of the projected 9.5 billion people will be_____________________?
living in poor countries
133 - The smallest percentage of the poor consists of_______________?
133 - The smallest percentage of the poor consists of_______________?
the elderly
134 - The Marxian model of class structure divided the population into______________?
134 - The Marxian model of class structure divided the population into______________?
the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
135 - The importance of status is supported by_____________?
135 - The importance of status is supported by_____________?
a recent study by an epidemiologist
136 - individuals who hold lesser positions and make less money than their parents are displaying_____________?
136 - individuals who hold lesser positions and make less money than their parents are displaying_____________?
intergenerational mobility
137 - The "New Class" is characterized as consisting of______________?
137 - The "New Class" is characterized as consisting of______________?
professionals with skills important in the information society
138 - Subdued religious rituals which appeal to upper-middle -class Protestants are the hallmark of which of the following denominations ?
138 - Subdued religious rituals which appeal to upper-middle -class Protestants are the hallmark of which of the following denominations ?
all of the above
139 - The rise of social classes is almost always associated with the development of__________________?
139 - The rise of social classes is almost always associated with the development of__________________?
the state
140 - Societies with landed gentry and inherited titles resemble_________________?
140 - Societies with landed gentry and inherited titles resemble_________________?
estate systems
141 - The text primarily applied Weber,s notion of status to______________?
141 - The text primarily applied Weber,s notion of status to______________?
ranked occupational positions
142 - Structural functionalism is the intellectual descendent of________________?
142 - Structural functionalism is the intellectual descendent of________________?
Classical conservatism
143 - There is inequality among the Siriono of Bolivia in that_________________?
143 - There is inequality among the Siriono of Bolivia in that_________________?
none of the above
144 - The conflict theory of inequality is based on the work of______________?
144 - The conflict theory of inequality is based on the work of______________?
Karl Marx
145 - Which statement is FALSE ?
145 - Which statement is FALSE ?
In simple societies social differences among individuals are nonexistent
146 - The important point about biological and cultural differences among people is______________?
146 - The important point about biological and cultural differences among people is______________?
the social meanings people give these differences
147 - Functionalist theorists view stratification system as_______________?
147 - Functionalist theorists view stratification system as_______________?
all of the above
148 - The ultimate effect of stratification systems is to________________?
148 - The ultimate effect of stratification systems is to________________?
create inequality
149 - Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an upwardly mobile individual ?
149 - Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an upwardly mobile individual ?
Comes from a large family of several brothers and sisters
150 - Status inconsistency is defined as_________________?
150 - Status inconsistency is defined as_________________?
the condition of persons who are ranked higher in one variable of status than another
151 - Power is exercised in________________?
151 - Power is exercised in________________?
all social systems
152 - The overall poverty rate is highest among______________?
152 - The overall poverty rate is highest among______________?
children under 6
153 - The most fundamental factor(s)in stratification is (are)______________?
153 - The most fundamental factor(s)in stratification is (are)______________?
education and income
154 - Taxes may be considered_____________?
154 - Taxes may be considered_____________?
as not affecting the economic flow
155 - The participants in a market include_____________?
155 - The participants in a market include_____________?
all of the above
156 - Political science has taken a turn toward the social sciences in its studies of__________________?
156 - Political science has taken a turn toward the social sciences in its studies of__________________?
the social impact of government on groups and individuals
157 - If a broad spectrum of the population is surveyed at a given time the study is called______________?
157 - If a broad spectrum of the population is surveyed at a given time the study is called______________?
cross sectional
158 - An accountant is part of which sector ?
158 - An accountant is part of which sector ?
Tertiary
159 - Products of the economy used in production as opposed to gifts of nature are______________?
159 - Products of the economy used in production as opposed to gifts of nature are______________?
capital
160 - The cottage or putting-out system refers to_________________?
160 - The cottage or putting-out system refers to_________________?
The fact that in early industrialization work was done in the home
161 - What kind of labor does the craft method require ?
161 - What kind of labor does the craft method require ?
High-cost, highly skilled
162 - What percent of total work hours must be used to fix errors that occur on the assembly line in mass-production plants ?
162 - What percent of total work hours must be used to fix errors that occur on the assembly line in mass-production plants ?
0.25
163 - Lean production________________?
163 - Lean production________________?
All of the above
164 - The average CEO's salary in 2005 was______________?
164 - The average CEO's salary in 2005 was______________?
262 times that of the average workers
165 - Which occupational categories received the greatest increase in compensation in the 1990s ?
165 - Which occupational categories received the greatest increase in compensation in the 1990s ?
Senior and chief executive
166 - Which of the following is NOT within the secondary economic sector ?
166 - Which of the following is NOT within the secondary economic sector ?
Oil drilling
167 - Corporations wield power through_____________?
167 - Corporations wield power through_____________?
All of the above
168 - The difference between an average worker's salary and that of the average CEO has_______________?
168 - The difference between an average worker's salary and that of the average CEO has_______________?
greatly increased
169 - In economic terms every action entail________________?
169 - In economic terms every action entail________________?
opportunity costs
170 - Economists chart the limits of resources and technology on output through_____________________?
170 - Economists chart the limits of resources and technology on output through_____________________?
production-possibility schedules
171 - Property is defined in terms of rights of_________________?
171 - Property is defined in terms of rights of_________________?
Ownership
172 - The most numerous forms of business ownership in the United States is the________________?
172 - The most numerous forms of business ownership in the United States is the________________?
sole proprietorship
173 - The purpose of separating management from ownership is to________________?
173 - The purpose of separating management from ownership is to________________?
ensure that the long-term interests of the corporation outweigh short-term gains
174 - Who really owns the corporation? the_________________?
174 - Who really owns the corporation? the_________________?
stockholders
175 - What percentage of American business revenues do corporation represent ?
175 - What percentage of American business revenues do corporation represent ?
0.7
176 - Industrialization was accompanied by_______________?
176 - Industrialization was accompanied by_______________?
All of the above
177 - Money is___________________?
177 - Money is___________________?
All of the above
178 - Another way of talking about opportunity costs might be as________________?
178 - Another way of talking about opportunity costs might be as________________?
value of sacrificed resources
179 - An example of resource versatility is_________________?
179 - An example of resource versatility is_________________?
land used for both mining and recreation
180 - The practice of U.S corporations' moving's their production facilities abroad is called________________?
180 - The practice of U.S corporations' moving's their production facilities abroad is called________________?
multinationalism
181 - To use up the final products of production is to_______________?
181 - To use up the final products of production is to_______________?
consume
182 - The totality of the phenomenon under study is called the_______________?
182 - The totality of the phenomenon under study is called the_______________?
population
183 - The most experimental of the social sciences is_________________?
183 - The most experimental of the social sciences is_________________?
psychology
184 - Furnishing historical data about past societies with no written records is the task of_______________?
184 - Furnishing historical data about past societies with no written records is the task of_______________?
archaeology
185 - The United Nations__________________?
185 - The United Nations__________________?
None of the above
186 - The end of the Cold war_________________?
186 - The end of the Cold war_________________?
All of the above
187 - Foreign aid is an instrument of________________?
187 - Foreign aid is an instrument of________________?
foreign policy
188 - The Treaty of Westphalia established ?
188 - The Treaty of Westphalia established ?
that the power of the state superseded the power of the Catholic church
189 - In the perspective of realism "high politics" refers to________________?
189 - In the perspective of realism "high politics" refers to________________?
issues of war and security
190 - The pivotal institution of government_________________?
190 - The pivotal institution of government_________________?
exists only theoretically or in a rudimentary form on the international level
191 - The instruments of foreign policy may be defined as_________________?
191 - The instruments of foreign policy may be defined as_________________?
tools with which nations try to manipulate other nations
192 - Entities such as the U.N and the European Economic Community (Common Market) are classed as_____________?
192 - Entities such as the U.N and the European Economic Community (Common Market) are classed as_____________?
IGOs
193 - American military policy has been built on___________________?
193 - American military policy has been built on___________________?
assured destruction capability
194 - American foreign aid after World War II_________________?
194 - American foreign aid after World War II_________________?
boosted international trade
195 - The author of a famous treatise on the origin of the state characterized existence in the "state of nature" as________________?
195 - The author of a famous treatise on the origin of the state characterized existence in the "state of nature" as________________?
"solitary poor nasty brutish and short"
196 - The view that nationalism would wither away was held by_________________?
196 - The view that nationalism would wither away was held by_________________?
Marxists
197 - The first European people to form a nation were is________________?
197 - The first European people to form a nation were is________________?
English
198 - In the U.S the military is________________?
198 - In the U.S the military is________________?
subordinate to the government
199 - The emergence of the sate as a result of a "social contract" is the hypothesis found in the work of________________?
199 - The emergence of the sate as a result of a "social contract" is the hypothesis found in the work of________________?
Thomas Hobbes
200 - The sate differs from all the other institutions in that_______________?
200 - The sate differs from all the other institutions in that_______________?
its political control is complete
201 - Legal-rational authority tends to be characteristic of_________________?
201 - Legal-rational authority tends to be characteristic of_________________?
heterogeneous multicultural societies
202 - A person affected by nationalism______________?
202 - A person affected by nationalism______________?
all of the above
203 - Marx believed that the state would vanish when_____________?
203 - Marx believed that the state would vanish when_____________?
social classes ceased to exist
204 - Functionalists approach the state as a tool to________________?
204 - Functionalists approach the state as a tool to________________?
maintain order
205 - Italy has had many changes in political leadership since World War II However economic and legal specialists keep the nation going We would call their authority_______________?
205 - Italy has had many changes in political leadership since World War II However economic and legal specialists keep the nation going We would call their authority_______________?
legal-rational
206 - Political control refers to________________?
206 - Political control refers to________________?
social control exercised by the government
207 - The state has the following relationship to force__________________?
207 - The state has the following relationship to force__________________?
it has a monopoly on it
208 - Political control_____________?
208 - Political control_____________?
is social control exerted by forces outside the individual
209 - The opposite of a nuclear family is the______________?
209 - The opposite of a nuclear family is the______________?
extended family
210 - The legitimate possession of power is a definition of______________?
210 - The legitimate possession of power is a definition of______________?
authority
211 - The view that the state has emerged to protect the rights of a privileged few has been expressed by philosophers of which school of thought ?
211 - The view that the state has emerged to protect the rights of a privileged few has been expressed by philosophers of which school of thought ?
Conflict
212 - The most important of government is to__________________?
212 - The most important of government is to__________________?
implement political control
213 - Even in a democracy the state can________________?
213 - Even in a democracy the state can________________?
imprison persons
214 - The forces and processes revolving around government is policies and actions are called_________________?
214 - The forces and processes revolving around government is policies and actions are called_________________?
politics
215 - Which is FALSE of power ____________________?
215 - Which is FALSE of power ____________________?
All power relationships are one sided
216 - Power may be asserted by_________________?
216 - Power may be asserted by_________________?
coercion reciprocation or reward
217 - The difference between government and state is that________________?
217 - The difference between government and state is that________________?
government is a process and the state is an abstract symbol
218 - international relations include________________?
218 - international relations include________________?
legal but not illegal or "black market" trade
219 - By "dependent relations" globalists mean_______________?
219 - By "dependent relations" globalists mean_______________?
Third-World countries are maintained in a state of dependency by First-and Second- World nations
220 - The realist school of international relations defines war and security as_____________?
220 - The realist school of international relations defines war and security as_____________?
low politics
221 - The global social system differs from a societal social system in that________________?
221 - The global social system differs from a societal social system in that________________?
all of the above
222 - The United Stats in an exception in that_________________?
222 - The United Stats in an exception in that_________________?
wealth does not correlate with religion
223 - Critics maintain that the following issues are present in higher education______________?
223 - Critics maintain that the following issues are present in higher education______________?
all of the above
224 - The practice of requiring degrees as a minimum hiring requirement is called_______________?
224 - The practice of requiring degrees as a minimum hiring requirement is called_______________?
credentialism
225 - Middle-and upper-class parents foster the viewpoint that________________?
225 - Middle-and upper-class parents foster the viewpoint that________________?
occupational success is desirable
226 - Which of the following is true ?
226 - Which of the following is true ?
Testing consistently low does not affect a students self-confidence
227 - What kind of individual is valued in industrial and postindustrial societies ?
227 - What kind of individual is valued in industrial and postindustrial societies ?
the technically sophisticated and well-educated individual
228 - Critics of our school system sate that _________________?
228 - Critics of our school system sate that _________________?
education is used to foster the acceptance of our political system without
229 - In education_______________?
229 - In education_______________?
the family is crucial to student success
230 - Which are manifest functions of schools ?
230 - Which are manifest functions of schools ?
All of the above
231 - Which branch of Judaism ordains women as rabbis ?
231 - Which branch of Judaism ordains women as rabbis ?
Reform
232 - The term "ecclesia" means_______________?
232 - The term "ecclesia" means_______________?
a state religion
233 - The most common form of religious behavior is__________________?
233 - The most common form of religious behavior is__________________?
prayer
234 - All religions once established consist of_________________?
234 - All religions once established consist of_________________?
beliefs rituals and organization
235 - Weber,s "Protestant Ethic"is_______________?
235 - Weber,s "Protestant Ethic"is_______________?
a vindication of the morality of capitalism
236 - Marx regarded religion as______________?
236 - Marx regarded religion as______________?
all of the above
237 - The theologian Ludwig Feuerbach portrayed God as_______________?
237 - The theologian Ludwig Feuerbach portrayed God as_______________?
a figment of the human imagination
238 - Religions__________________?
238 - Religions__________________?
all of the above
239 - In Melanesia "mana"is________________?
239 - In Melanesia "mana"is________________?
a power that is neither good nor evil
240 - Durkheim viewed religion as a form of social_________________?
240 - Durkheim viewed religion as a form of social_________________?
integration
241 - Durkheim,s approach to religion involved the opposed concepts of_________________?
241 - Durkheim,s approach to religion involved the opposed concepts of_________________?
sacred and profane
242 - Islam was established_________________?
242 - Islam was established_________________?
well after the founding of either Judaism or Christianity
243 - Social scientists________________?
243 - Social scientists________________?
neither accept nor reject claims of divine revelation
244 - Religion performs all but one of the following functions_______________?
244 - Religion performs all but one of the following functions_______________?
provides a single set of norms that are universally accepted and agreed upon
245 - The social class(es) least interested in church participation is (are)the_____________?
245 - The social class(es) least interested in church participation is (are)the_____________?
upper and lower classes
246 - In countries such as Iran and Iraq the Moslem religion is a(n)_______________?
246 - In countries such as Iran and Iraq the Moslem religion is a(n)_______________?
ecclesia or universal church
247 - Durkheim believed that religion__________________?
247 - Durkheim believed that religion__________________?
was a reflection of human society
248 - The push for teaching people to read in the English-speaking world was based on a desire to read_______________?
248 - The push for teaching people to read in the English-speaking world was based on a desire to read_______________?
the Bible
249 - A strong predictive factor of becoming an abusive parent is________________?
249 - A strong predictive factor of becoming an abusive parent is________________?
to have felt unloved and unwanted by one,s own parents
250 - The highest victimization rates occur________________?
250 - The highest victimization rates occur________________?
in the 0 to 3 year age group
251 - The teen pregnancy rate_________________?
251 - The teen pregnancy rate_________________?
only A and B
252 - It is true of divorce rates that_______________?
252 - It is true of divorce rates that_______________?
all of the above are true
253 - Among the changes in the family institution which is false ?
253 - Among the changes in the family institution which is false ?
families have gotten larger
254 - Modern societies are grappling with the notion of_________________?
254 - Modern societies are grappling with the notion of_________________?
allowing same-sex couples to marry
255 - The blended or reconstituted family________________?
255 - The blended or reconstituted family________________?
only a and b
256 - In the 1960s some young people_______________?
256 - In the 1960s some young people_______________?
saw the family as an oppressive institution
257 - No- fault divorce has_______________?
257 - No- fault divorce has_______________?
all but eliminated alimony and somewhat decreased the average child support award
258 - Which of the following does NOT appear to be a factor in divorce_______________?
258 - Which of the following does NOT appear to be a factor in divorce_______________?
differences in occupational goals and careers
259 - Which women are most likely to report feeling unhappy after their divorce ?
259 - Which women are most likely to report feeling unhappy after their divorce ?
young mothers
260 - The percentage of men filing divorce petitions is________________?
260 - The percentage of men filing divorce petitions is________________?
less than that of women
261 - Following a divorce both partners remarry in what percentage of cases ?
261 - Following a divorce both partners remarry in what percentage of cases ?
0.8
262 - The resources each spouse brings to a marriage include________________?
262 - The resources each spouse brings to a marriage include________________?
all of the above
263 - When children reach school age their parents_________________?
263 - When children reach school age their parents_________________?
experience a decline in martial satisfaction
264 - The expectations people have regarding how husbands and wives ought to behave are called marital______________?
264 - The expectations people have regarding how husbands and wives ought to behave are called marital______________?
scripts
265 - Reproduction outside the family__________________?
265 - Reproduction outside the family__________________?
has not been positively sanctioned in any society
266 - Group marriage ________________?
266 - Group marriage ________________?
has never been consistently or extensively practiced
267 - Most societies________________?
267 - Most societies________________?
encourage marriage
268 - Endogamy and exogamy are_______________?
268 - Endogamy and exogamy are_______________?
social limitations placed on marriages
269 - Which is NOT form of plural marriage ?
269 - Which is NOT form of plural marriage ?
Monogamy
270 - The nuclear family is characteristic of industrial societies because______________?
270 - The nuclear family is characteristic of industrial societies because______________?
geographic and social mobility are common in industrial societies
271 - The blended family______________?
271 - The blended family______________?
is made up of natural parents' stepparents natural children and stepchildren
272 - Children of divorce have________________?
272 - Children of divorce have________________?
the most difficulty at ages nine and ten
273 - A number of celebrities in the entertainment world have been married five or six times They may be said to have had ?
273 - A number of celebrities in the entertainment world have been married five or six times They may be said to have had ?
a faulty distribution of power in their marriages
274 - The low birthrate in the United States is related to_______________?
274 - The low birthrate in the United States is related to_______________?
increase of women in work force
275 - Marrying someone with similar traits is called_______________?
275 - Marrying someone with similar traits is called_______________?
homogamy
276 - The family today influences_______________?
276 - The family today influences_______________?
attitudes on politics
277 - Social scientists explain the incest taboo as_______________?
277 - Social scientists explain the incest taboo as_______________?
way of reducing family conflict
278 - In a few cultures a women can have several husbands at one time This custom is called_________________?
278 - In a few cultures a women can have several husbands at one time This custom is called_________________?
polyandry
279 - Marriage is_________________?
279 - Marriage is_________________?
a union recognized as legal by a society
280 - The nuclear from of the family often appears in_________________?
280 - The nuclear from of the family often appears in_________________?
industrial societies
281 - The anthropologist George Murdock believes that the family _____________________?
281 - The anthropologist George Murdock believes that the family _____________________?
has functions fundamental to human life
282 - Which component of culture is central to human life______________?
282 - Which component of culture is central to human life______________?
The normative
283 - The most important product of the social way of life is__________________?
283 - The most important product of the social way of life is__________________?
culture
284 - The largest number of statistical areas in the United States are______________?
284 - The largest number of statistical areas in the United States are______________?
CMSAs
285 - Ecology is the discipline concerned with________________?
285 - Ecology is the discipline concerned with________________?
the way living things relate and adjust to each other in a common habitat
286 - Environmental depletion is the term used to mean that________________?
286 - Environmental depletion is the term used to mean that________________?
natural resources are decreasing as demand for them increase
287 - Which elements are affected by pollution ?
287 - Which elements are affected by pollution ?
all of the above
288 - The natural environment is_________________?
288 - The natural environment is_________________?
the totality of natural conditions and resources that occur in a specific area
289 - Malthus suggested the following as means of birth control________________?
289 - Malthus suggested the following as means of birth control________________?
all of the above
290 - The crude birthrate is________________?
290 - The crude birthrate is________________?
an important demographic concept
291 - Population density may be defined as_________________?
291 - Population density may be defined as_________________?
the number of people to a land area
292 - The strongest urge that all living creatures feel is to__________________?
292 - The strongest urge that all living creatures feel is to__________________?
reproduce themselves
293 - In Africa many children are_________________?
293 - In Africa many children are_________________?
social security for the future of the parents
294 - Which nation state has reached zero population growth ?
294 - Which nation state has reached zero population growth ?
the United States
295 - Chemical pesticides________________?
295 - Chemical pesticides________________?
can be toxic to other forms of life
296 - Overpopulation can result in________________?
296 - Overpopulation can result in________________?
environmental damage
297 - The relationship of organisms to their environments is called________________?
297 - The relationship of organisms to their environments is called________________?
ecological
298 - Gentrification is the trend of__________________?
298 - Gentrification is the trend of__________________?
middle class professionals renovating old city housing and using them as
299 - The model in urban ecology that stresses distance of residence from central business based on social class is the_________________?
299 - The model in urban ecology that stresses distance of residence from central business based on social class is the_________________?
concentric zone model
300 - The SMSA is based on____________________?
300 - The SMSA is based on____________________?
one or more counties containing at least one city of 50,000 residents or two cities totaling 50,000
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