Renal System Most Important MCQs

1 - A decrease in the urine output is called_____________?

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A. Dysuria

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B. Nocturia

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C. Oliguria

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D. Plyuria

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Oliguria

2 - Ammonia in the kidney tubules is excreted in exchange for______________?

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A. HCO3-

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B. Na+

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C. CL-

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D. PO4-2

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Na+

3 - Amount of glucose absorbed in proximal convoluted tubule_______________?

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A. 100%

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B. 0%

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C. 60%

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D. 50%

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100%

4 - Brush border is seen in________________?

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A. Bowman's capsule

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B. Proximal convoluted tubule

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C. Distal convoluted tubule

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D. Loop of Henle

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Proximal convoluted tubule

5 - Carbonic anhydrase in the kidney tubular cells is known to be associated with_____________?

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A. Urea

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B. Chloride

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C. Bicarbonate ion

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D. Carbohydrate

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Bicarbonate ion

6 - Diuresis is caused by______________?

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A. Mannitol

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B. Glycerol

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C. Urea

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D. All of the above

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All of the above

7 - Each kidney contains about ______ nephrons ?

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A. One million

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B. Two million

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C. Four million

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D. ½ million

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One million

8 - Formation of a small volume of concentrated urine in dehydration is associated with____________?

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A. More reabsorption in the PCT

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B. More concentration in loop of Henle

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C. More reabsorption of DCT and collecting ducts

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D. All of these

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All of these

9 - Functional unit of kidney is______________?

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A. Nephron

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B. Glomerulus

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C. Collecting ducts

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D. Loop of Henle

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Nephron

10 - GFR is increased when________________?

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A. Plasma oncotic pressure is increased

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B. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is decreased

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C. Tubular hydrostatic pressure is increased

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D. Increased renal blood flow

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Increased renal blood flow

11 - In osmotic diuresis there is_______________?

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A. Increase in renal blood flow

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B. Increase in glomerular filtration rate

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C. Increase in NaCl concentration in urine

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D. Decrease in reabsorption of Na Cl

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Decrease in reabsorption of Na Cl

12 - In renal glycosuria, the renal threshold for glucose is_______________?

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A. Low

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B. High

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C. Same

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D. Greatly increased

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Low

13 - In the human kidney, a renal papilla project directly into the_______________?

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A. Ureter

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B. Major calyx

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C. Minor calyx

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D. Renal pyramid

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Minor calyx

14 - In which segment of the nephron does tubular fluid has the highest osmolarity ?

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A. Henle's loop

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B. Distal tubule

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C. Proximal tubule

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D. Collecting duct

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Henle's loop

15 - Inulin clearance closely resembles_____________?

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A. G.F.R

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B. Renal plasma flow

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C. Creatinine clearance

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D. P.A.H. clearance

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G.F.R

16 - Macula dense in kidney is located in relation to______________?

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A. PCT

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B. DCT

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C. Afferent arteriole

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D. Efferent arteriole

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DCT

17 - Major portion of glomerular filtrate is absorbed in__________________?

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A. Loop of Henle

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B. Distal convoluted tubule

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C. Collecting duct

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D. Proximal segment

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Proximal segment

18 - Maximum amount of glucose absorption occurs at_______________?

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A. PCT

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B. DCT

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C. Loop of henle

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D. None

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PCT

19 - Most of the sodium is reabsorbed in_____________?

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A. PCT

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B. DCT

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C. Loop of henle

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D. Vasa recta

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PCT

20 - Proximal renal tubule is most permeable to _______________?

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A. Sodium

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B. Potassium

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C. Bicarbonate

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D. Ammonia

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Sodium

21 - Renin is released from the kidney in all except________________?

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A. Sympathetic stimulation

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B. Decrease in the concentration of sodium ions in the proximal tubules

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C. Decrease in the concentration of sodium ions in the distal tubules

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D. Fall in the BP

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Decrease in the concentration of sodium ions in the proximal tubules

22 - Renin secretion is stimulated by all except_____________?

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A. Cardiac failure

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B. Low Na+ in proximal tubule

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C. Sympathetic stimulation

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D. High Na+ in proximal tubule

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High Na+ in proximal tubule

23 - Site of ADH action is______________?

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A. Proximal tubule

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B. Loop of Henle

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C. Vasa recta

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D. Collecting tubule

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Collecting tubule

24 - Test for estimating kidney function is_______________?

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A. Serum creatinine

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B. Serum phosphatase

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C. Inulin test

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D. Insulin test

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Inulin test

25 - The glomerular filtration rate of the human kidney may be determined by measuring the plasma clearance of______________?

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A. PAH

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B. Urea

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C. Inulin

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D. Glucose

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Inulin

26 - The hyperosmolarity of the renal medulla is due to increased content of_____________?

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A. K+

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B. Na+

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C. Glucose

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D. NH4+

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Na+

27 - The kidney secrete all of the following hormones except_____________?

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A. Renin

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B. Erythropoietin

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C. Vasopressin

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D. 1,2,5 Dihydroxy cholecalciferol

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Vasopressin

28 - The normal adult value of urine output________________?

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A. 1.5 l/day

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B. 3 l/day

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C. 0.5 l/day

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D. 2 l/day

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1.5 l/day

29 - The part of nephron" least permeable to water" is______________?

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A. Proximal tubule

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B. Descending limb of loop of Henle

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C. Ascending limb of loop of Henle

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D. Collecting tubule

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Ascending limb of loop of Henle

30 - The reabsorption of sodium chloride is increased in proximal convoluted tubules by hormones secreted from______________?

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A. Anterior pituitary

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B. Posterior pituitary

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C. Adrenal cortex

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D. Adrenal medulla

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Adrenal cortex

31 - The renal blood flow in (in ml/mt) is______________?

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A. 250

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B. 800

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C. 1260

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D. 1500

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1260

32 - The renal clearance of _______________?

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A. Creatinine indicates glomerular filtration rate

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B. Inulin is lower than that of urea

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C. Chloride increases after in injection of aldosterone

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D. PAH continues to rise as the plasma concentration of PAH increases

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PAH continues to rise as the plasma concentration of PAH increases

33 - The renal threshold for glucose is_______________?

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A. 180 mg / dl

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B. 100 mg/dl

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C. 120 mg/dl

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D. 80 mg/dl

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180 mg / dl

34 - To measure renal plasma clearance compound should be_________________?

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A. <70,000 Mol.wt

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B. Bound to plasma protein

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C. Secreted by the tubules

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D. Completely filtered by glomerulus

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Completely filtered by glomerulus

35 - True about nephron is_____________?

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A. Na is absorbed actively in descending loop of Henle

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B. 60 to 70% of GFR is absorbed in proximal tubule

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C. Absorption of water occurs in ascending loop of Henle

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D. The filtrate reaching distal convoluted tubule is hypertonic with respect to surroundings

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60 to 70% of GFR is absorbed in proximal tubule

36 - Tubular maximum for glucose is_____________?

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A. 180 mg/dl

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B. 325 mg/dl

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C. 375 mg/dl

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D. 375 mg/dl

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375 mg/dl

37 - Tubuloglomerular feedback occurs in______________?

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A. ADH secretion in collecting duct

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B. Constant solute load on distal tubule

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C. Macula densa

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D. Balance between ascending and descending loop of henle

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Constant solute load on distal tubule

38 - Two substances that can probably be used to determine filtration fraction are_______________?

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A. Inulin and mannitol

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B. Urea and diodrast

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C. PAH and Phenol red

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D. Inulin and PAH

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Inulin and PAH

39 - What is the glomerular filtration rate ?

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A. 100 ml/min

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B. 125 ml/min

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C. 150 ml/min

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D. 175 ml/min

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125 ml/min

40 - Which of the following is important in renal excretion of hydrogen ion ?

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A. Combining H+ with Cl- to form Hcl

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B. Combining H+ and HCO3- via enzyme carbonic anhydrase

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C. Trapping H+ by acetate

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D. Trapping H+ by NH3+

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Trapping H+ by NH3+

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