1 - ________ consists in clear-cutting a fixed area annually which is regenerated by coppice shoots:
1 - ________ consists in clear-cutting a fixed area annually which is regenerated by coppice shoots:
Simple coppice system
2 - _________ consists of a crop arranged in two different stories, one above the other; each story being approximately even-aged not of seedling as opposed to coppice origin:
2 - _________ consists of a crop arranged in two different stories, one above the other; each story being approximately even-aged not of seedling as opposed to coppice origin:
Two-storied high forest
3 - A biotic community comprises:
3 - A biotic community comprises:
Plants and animals
4 - A clear-felling with a forest protection over wood and regeneration from coppice is called:
4 - A clear-felling with a forest protection over wood and regeneration from coppice is called:
Shelterwood coppice system
5 - A complex of several species and communities in various stages of succession maintained under similar climatic conditions is known as:
5 - A complex of several species and communities in various stages of succession maintained under similar climatic conditions is known as:
Biome
6 - A crocodile had just eaten a lamb when a hawk saw the crocodile attacked it, and consumed it. The hawk is in ecological terms:
6 - A crocodile had just eaten a lamb when a hawk saw the crocodile attacked it, and consumed it. The hawk is in ecological terms:
A tertiary consumer
7 - A food chain consists of:
7 - A food chain consists of:
Producers, consumers and decomposers
8 - A food chain has the following trophic levels:
8 - A food chain has the following trophic levels:
3 or 4
9 - A food chain starts with:
9 - A food chain starts with:
Photosynthesizing organisms
10 - A man is the part of biotic community:
10 - A man is the part of biotic community:
Always
11 - A plant, being eaten by a herbivore which in turn is eaten by a carnivore, makes a:
11 - A plant, being eaten by a herbivore which in turn is eaten by a carnivore, makes a:
Food chain
12 - Abiotic components are:
12 - Abiotic components are:
All of the above
13 - Abiotic factors are:
13 - Abiotic factors are:
All of the above
14 - Accelerated soil erosion factors are:
14 - Accelerated soil erosion factors are:
Both (a) & (b)
15 - According to Lindemann, the percentage of net production passed on to carnivores is:
15 - According to Lindemann, the percentage of net production passed on to carnivores is:
28.6
16 - According to Lindemann, the total solar input in terms of gcal/cm2/year is:
16 - According to Lindemann, the total solar input in terms of gcal/cm2/year is:
118872
17 - According to Odum the light absorbed by the plant cover in terms of kcal/m2/day is:
17 - According to Odum the light absorbed by the plant cover in terms of kcal/m2/day is:
1500
18 - According to Odum, the percentage of net primary production of total light intake is:
18 - According to Odum, the percentage of net primary production of total light intake is:
0.01
19 - All the living organisms on the earth interacting with atmosphere constitute:
19 - All the living organisms on the earth interacting with atmosphere constitute:
Biosphere
20 - An ecosystem is a structure that is:
20 - An ecosystem is a structure that is:
Either of these
21 - An ecosystem is:
21 - An ecosystem is:
A functional unit of biotic and abiotic components which have an energy source
22 - An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can recover after sometime if damaging effect stops will be having:
22 - An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can recover after sometime if damaging effect stops will be having:
High stability and high resillience
23 - As each coupe comes under felling the operations are being carried out:
23 - As each coupe comes under felling the operations are being carried out:
All of the above
24 - Azolla is used as a biofertilizer because it:
24 - Azolla is used as a biofertilizer because it:
Has association nitrogen fixing Cyanobacteria
25 - Bacteria and fungi in a forest ecosystem are generally:
25 - Bacteria and fungi in a forest ecosystem are generally:
Decomposers
26 - Biological equilibrium is found among the:
26 - Biological equilibrium is found among the:
Producers, consumers and decomposers
27 - Biome' is:
27 - Biome' is:
That part of the earth and its atmosphere, which inhabits living organisms
28 - Biophere refers to:
28 - Biophere refers to:
Area occupied by living beings
29 - Biosphere is that:
29 - Biosphere is that:
Where individuals interact with each other
30 - Biotic components are:
30 - Biotic components are:
All of the above
31 - Biotic components of an ecosystem include:
31 - Biotic components of an ecosystem include:
Producers, consumers and decomposers
32 - Branches of ecology are:
32 - Branches of ecology are:
Both (a) & (b)
33 - Buttresses are usually found in the plants growing in:
33 - Buttresses are usually found in the plants growing in:
Tropical rain forest
34 - Carbon cycle includes:
34 - Carbon cycle includes:
Producer, consumer, decomposer
35 - Carnivores are:
35 - Carnivores are:
Usually secondary or tertiary consumers
36 - Causes of accelerated erosion are:
36 - Causes of accelerated erosion are:
Both (a) & (b)
37 - Causes of plant succession are:
37 - Causes of plant succession are:
Both (a) & (b)
38 - Classification of plant succession categorised as:
38 - Classification of plant succession categorised as:
Both (a) & (b)
39 - Components of ecosystem are:
39 - Components of ecosystem are:
Both (a) & (b)
40 - Crops in part at least, originating from stool shoots or by other vegetative means:
40 - Crops in part at least, originating from stool shoots or by other vegetative means:
Coppices system
41 - Crysanthemum is propagated by___________?
41 - Crysanthemum is propagated by___________?
Suckers
42 - Decomposers are:
42 - Decomposers are:
Heterotrophs
43 - Deers are:
43 - Deers are:
Herbivores
44 - During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as in producing biogas, which of the following is left undergraded?
44 - During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as in producing biogas, which of the following is left undergraded?
Lignin
45 - During food chain the maximum energy is stored in:
45 - During food chain the maximum energy is stored in:
Producers
46 - Ecological pyramids are of:
46 - Ecological pyramids are of:
Three types
47 - Ecological pyramids were discovered by:
47 - Ecological pyramids were discovered by:
Elton
48 - Ecosystem contains:
48 - Ecosystem contains:
All of the above
49 - Ecosystem creates:
49 - Ecosystem creates:
Both (a) & (b)
50 - Ecosystem includes:
50 - Ecosystem includes:
Both (a) & (b)
51 - Ecosystem may be defined as:
51 - Ecosystem may be defined as:
Functional unit for ecological studies
52 - Ecosystem receives nitrogen from outside through:
52 - Ecosystem receives nitrogen from outside through:
All the above
53 - Energy enters into the ecosystem through:
53 - Energy enters into the ecosystem through:
Producers
54 - Energy flow and energy transformations in living systems strictly conform to the:
54 - Energy flow and energy transformations in living systems strictly conform to the:
Laws of thermody namics
55 - Energy transfer from one trophic level to other in a food chain is:
55 - Energy transfer from one trophic level to other in a food chain is:
0.1
56 - Environmental factors in ecosystem:
56 - Environmental factors in ecosystem:
Both (a) & (b)
57 - Every ecosystem must have a continuous external source of:
57 - Every ecosystem must have a continuous external source of:
Energy
58 - Felling and regeneration distributed continuously over the whole area, corp wholly uneven-aged:
58 - Felling and regeneration distributed continuously over the whole area, corp wholly uneven-aged:
Selection system
59 - Felling and regeneration for the time being concentrated on part for the forest area:
59 - Felling and regeneration for the time being concentrated on part for the forest area:
Both (a) & (b)
60 - Felling beginning in internal lines and advancing outwards in wedge formation:
60 - Felling beginning in internal lines and advancing outwards in wedge formation:
Wedge system
61 - Food chains are met with only in the:
61 - Food chains are met with only in the:
In all these places
62 - Food levels in an ecosystem are called:
62 - Food levels in an ecosystem are called:
Trophic levels
63 - Forest Ecosystem means:
63 - Forest Ecosystem means:
Both (a) & (b)
64 - Form of forest produced by introducing a young crop beneath an existing immature is called:
64 - Form of forest produced by introducing a young crop beneath an existing immature is called:
Two-storied high forest
65 - Form of forest produced by retaining certain trees of the old crop after regeneration is completed known as:
65 - Form of forest produced by retaining certain trees of the old crop after regeneration is completed known as:
High forest with standards
66 - From gross production of autotrophs, according to Lindemann, how much energy in gcal/cm2/year is used in respiration and decomposition respectively:
66 - From gross production of autotrophs, according to Lindemann, how much energy in gcal/cm2/year is used in respiration and decomposition respectively:
29.3, 3.5
67 - From the onwards the coppice crop will be thinned on a ______ cycle:
67 - From the onwards the coppice crop will be thinned on a ______ cycle:
10 years
68 - Green plants constitute:
68 - Green plants constitute:
The first trophic level
69 - Hydrological cycle is under the control of:
69 - Hydrological cycle is under the control of:
Forests
70 - Hydrophytes (Acquatic Plants) means:
70 - Hydrophytes (Acquatic Plants) means:
Both (a) & (b)
71 - Hygrophytes (Moisture loving plants) means:
71 - Hygrophytes (Moisture loving plants) means:
All of the above
72 - If all the green plants were to disappear from the earth:
72 - If all the green plants were to disappear from the earth:
All the animal will die
73 - If bamboo plant is growing in a far forest then what will be its trophic level?
73 - If bamboo plant is growing in a far forest then what will be its trophic level?
First
74 - If corbon dioxide is withdrawn from the biosphere, which organism would first experience negative effect?
74 - If corbon dioxide is withdrawn from the biosphere, which organism would first experience negative effect?
Producers
75 - If organisms are arranged according to predator-prey relationship one always finds more of prey species then of predator. This is called a:
75 - If organisms are arranged according to predator-prey relationship one always finds more of prey species then of predator. This is called a:
Pyramid of numbers
76 - If phytoplanktons are destroyed from sea, then:
76 - If phytoplanktons are destroyed from sea, then:
Food chain will be effected
77 - If precise quantitative measurements are made on a convined ecosystem in a laboratory, we will find amounts of which of the following to be a one-way flow rather than cyclic?
77 - If precise quantitative measurements are made on a convined ecosystem in a laboratory, we will find amounts of which of the following to be a one-way flow rather than cyclic?
Free energy
78 - If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosysters, its functioning will be adversely affected because:
78 - If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosysters, its functioning will be adversely affected because:
Mineral movement will be blocked
79 - In a biome the life form of climatic climax vegetation is:
79 - In a biome the life form of climatic climax vegetation is:
Uniform
80 - In a biotic community, primary consumers are:
80 - In a biotic community, primary consumers are:
Herbivores
81 - In a comparative study of grassland ecosystem and pond ecosystem it may be observed that:
81 - In a comparative study of grassland ecosystem and pond ecosystem it may be observed that:
Both biotic and abiotic components are different
82 - In a fish aquarium green aquatic plants are grown primarily for:
82 - In a fish aquarium green aquatic plants are grown primarily for:
Oxygen
83 - In a food chain the largest population is that of:
83 - In a food chain the largest population is that of:
Producers
84 - In a food chain, man is:
84 - In a food chain, man is:
Primary and Secondary consumer
85 - In a food chain, the initial organism is:
85 - In a food chain, the initial organism is:
Herbivore
86 - In a food chain, the total amount of living material is depicted by:
86 - In a food chain, the total amount of living material is depicted by:
Pyramid of biomass
87 - In a forest ecosystem, green plants are:
87 - In a forest ecosystem, green plants are:
The primary producers
88 - In a forest ecosystem, the numerical relationship between the producers and herbivores:
88 - In a forest ecosystem, the numerical relationship between the producers and herbivores:
Producers less than herbivores
89 - In a parasitic food chain which trophic level is represented by bugs and lices?
89 - In a parasitic food chain which trophic level is represented by bugs and lices?
T3
90 - In a stabilized ecosystem the P/R ratio is:
90 - In a stabilized ecosystem the P/R ratio is:
One
91 - In a terrestrial ecosystem such as forest maximum energy lies in which trophic level?
91 - In a terrestrial ecosystem such as forest maximum energy lies in which trophic level?
T1
92 - In an aquatic environment, microscopic animals and plants are collectively known:
92 - In an aquatic environment, microscopic animals and plants are collectively known:
Planktons
93 - In an ecosystem in abiotic components which of the following occurs?
93 - In an ecosystem in abiotic components which of the following occurs?
Flow of energy and cycling of materials
94 - In an ecosystem, bacteria are considered as:
94 - In an ecosystem, bacteria are considered as:
Microconsumers
95 - In an ecosystem, the population of:
95 - In an ecosystem, the population of:
Primary producers is larger than that of primary consumers
96 - In an upright pyramid of biomass, the herbivores occupy the position:
96 - In an upright pyramid of biomass, the herbivores occupy the position:
2
97 - In coppice with standard system how many rotations?
97 - In coppice with standard system how many rotations?
Two or more rotations
98 - In desert grasslands, which type of animals are relatively more abundant?
98 - In desert grasslands, which type of animals are relatively more abundant?
Fossorial
99 - In food chain initial organisms are:
99 - In food chain initial organisms are:
Photo synthesizers
100 - In food chain, herbivores are:
100 - In food chain, herbivores are:
Primary consumer
101 - In forest ecosstem, pyramid of number is:
101 - In forest ecosstem, pyramid of number is:
None of the above
102 - In lake ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is:
102 - In lake ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is:
Inverted
103 - In natural ecosystem, decomposers include:
103 - In natural ecosystem, decomposers include:
Only bacteria and fungi
104 - In the following there is no difference:
104 - In the following there is no difference:
Primary consumers and herbivores
105 - In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes phosphate available first to:
105 - In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes phosphate available first to:
Producers
106 - In which of the following there is no difference?
106 - In which of the following there is no difference?
Primary consumers and herbivores
107 - In which system that the regeneration of the compartment is started form natural foci or groups of advance growth?
107 - In which system that the regeneration of the compartment is started form natural foci or groups of advance growth?
Group system
108 - Major types of climax are:
108 - Major types of climax are:
All of the above
109 - Man is a:
109 - Man is a:
Consumer
110 - Manual of silviculture for Pakistan"authored by:
110 - Manual of silviculture for Pakistan"authored by:
Champion, Seth and Kattak
111 - Mark the correct statement with reference to phosphorous cycle:
111 - Mark the correct statement with reference to phosphorous cycle:
Ocean phosphates are lost by sedimentation
112 - Mark the correct statement:
112 - Mark the correct statement:
Microconsumers are saprotrophs
113 - Mark the incorrect statement with reference to carbon cycle:
113 - Mark the incorrect statement with reference to carbon cycle:
75% of total carbon lies in geological component
114 - Mesophytes means:
114 - Mesophytes means:
All of the above
115 - Mr. X is eating curd/yoghurt. For this food intake in a food chain he should be considered as occupying:
115 - Mr. X is eating curd/yoghurt. For this food intake in a food chain he should be considered as occupying:
Fourth trophic level
116 - Mulberry is introduced by ___________
116 - Mulberry is introduced by ___________
Under planting
117 - Nektons are:
117 - Nektons are:
Organisms that swim in water
118 - Nepenthes is a :
118 - Nepenthes is a :
Primary producer and consumer
119 - Niche of a species in an ecosystem refers to its:
119 - Niche of a species in an ecosystem refers to its:
Function at its place of occurrence
120 - Non-biotic components can be grauped into:
120 - Non-biotic components can be grauped into:
All of the above
121 - One of the major difficulties in the biological control of insect pests is that:
121 - One of the major difficulties in the biological control of insect pests is that:
The predator develops a preference to other diets and may itself become a pest
122 - Opening of canopy by scattered gaps, young crop more or less even-aged in which system:
122 - Opening of canopy by scattered gaps, young crop more or less even-aged in which system:
Group system
123 - Opening of canopy even young crop more or less even aged and uniform felling happing under:
123 - Opening of canopy even young crop more or less even aged and uniform felling happing under:
Uniform system
124 - Opening of canopy irregular and gradual, young crop somewhat uneven-aged:
124 - Opening of canopy irregular and gradual, young crop somewhat uneven-aged:
Irregular system
125 - Peacock eats a snake and snake eats frog and frog eats insect while insect eats green plant, then position of peacock is:
125 - Peacock eats a snake and snake eats frog and frog eats insect while insect eats green plant, then position of peacock is:
Apex of food pyramids
126 - Plant associations refer:
126 - Plant associations refer:
Both (a) & (b)
127 - Plant succession means:
127 - Plant succession means:
Both (a) & (b)
128 - Plants constitute the:
128 - Plants constitute the:
First trophic level
129 - Plants like Saccharum. Imperata, Capparis and Acacia occur in the following biome:
129 - Plants like Saccharum. Imperata, Capparis and Acacia occur in the following biome:
Tropical savannah
130 - Pond is an example of:
130 - Pond is an example of:
Natural ecosystem
131 - Prairies and steppes are parts of the natural regions called:
131 - Prairies and steppes are parts of the natural regions called:
Temperate grasslands
132 - Principal advantages of the selection system are:
132 - Principal advantages of the selection system are:
All of the above
133 - Regeneration may be effected by how many ways?
133 - Regeneration may be effected by how many ways?
All of the above
134 - Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is usually referred to damages caused by:
134 - Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is usually referred to damages caused by:
High temperature
135 - Savannahs are:
135 - Savannahs are:
Grassland with scattered trees
136 - Soil erosion factors include:
136 - Soil erosion factors include:
All of the above
137 - Soil water depicts:
137 - Soil water depicts:
All of the above
138 - Source of energy in an ecosystem is:
138 - Source of energy in an ecosystem is:
Sun
139 - Strips are cutting through the forest and regenerated naturally the intervening strips being subsequently clear-felled and generally:
139 - Strips are cutting through the forest and regenerated naturally the intervening strips being subsequently clear-felled and generally:
Uniform system
140 - Successive areas are clear-felled in accordance with the prescriptions of the working plan and area regenerated naturally or artificially is known as:
140 - Successive areas are clear-felled in accordance with the prescriptions of the working plan and area regenerated naturally or artificially is known as:
Clear felling system
141 - Sulphur is returned to the soil by:
141 - Sulphur is returned to the soil by:
Consumers and decomposers
142 - Synecology can be subdivided into how many branches:
142 - Synecology can be subdivided into how many branches:
All of the above
143 - Ten per cent law of energy transfer, in a food chain was enunciated by:
143 - Ten per cent law of energy transfer, in a food chain was enunciated by:
Lindeman
144 - The amount of living matter present in a component population of a particular trophic level is called:
144 - The amount of living matter present in a component population of a particular trophic level is called:
Standing crop
145 - The bacteria which attack the dead animals are:
145 - The bacteria which attack the dead animals are:
The end of the food chain and are decomposers
146 - The biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem are connected through:
146 - The biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem are connected through:
Humification and mineralization
147 - The clear strip system is associated with:
147 - The clear strip system is associated with:
Silvicultural system
148 - The correct sequence of food chain is:
148 - The correct sequence of food chain is:
Grass-insect-bird-snake
149 - The cybernatics of an ecosystem refers to:
149 - The cybernatics of an ecosystem refers to:
Regulation of equilibrium
150 - The cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called:
150 - The cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called:
Biogeochemical cycle
151 - The decomposers in an ecosystem constitute the following trophic level:
151 - The decomposers in an ecosystem constitute the following trophic level:
T5
152 - The driving force of the ecosystem is:
152 - The driving force of the ecosystem is:
Solar energy
153 - The earth could have sustained more population if all the people would have been:
153 - The earth could have sustained more population if all the people would have been:
Dependent upon milk, egg and vegetarian habit
154 - The earth's atmosphere in which organisms live, is called:
154 - The earth's atmosphere in which organisms live, is called:
Biosphere
155 - The ecological pyramids were first designed by:
155 - The ecological pyramids were first designed by:
Elton
156 - The ecosystem exists in a state of 'balance'. Supposing one of the heterotrophs, says the rabbit, multiplies and increases in number suddenly then:
156 - The ecosystem exists in a state of 'balance'. Supposing one of the heterotrophs, says the rabbit, multiplies and increases in number suddenly then:
The 'balance' will be restoredby an increase in the wolf population
157 - The ecosystem lying in the alpine zone between taiga and polar ice is called:
157 - The ecosystem lying in the alpine zone between taiga and polar ice is called:
Tundra
158 - The efficiency of primary production in an ocean is:
158 - The efficiency of primary production in an ocean is:
0.002
159 - The essence of silvicultural system:
159 - The essence of silvicultural system:
All of the above
160 - The factors to control of wind erosion are:
160 - The factors to control of wind erosion are:
Both (a) & (b)
161 - The first fish that eats upon the planktonic forms is:
161 - The first fish that eats upon the planktonic forms is:
Secondary consumer
162 - The first link in any food chain is a green plant because:
162 - The first link in any food chain is a green plant because:
They alone have the capacity to fix the atmospheric CO2 in the presence of sunlight
163 - The flora and fauna in lakes and ponds represents:
163 - The flora and fauna in lakes and ponds represents:
Lentic biota
164 - The flow of materials and energy in an ecosystem is respectively:
164 - The flow of materials and energy in an ecosystem is respectively:
Cyclic and linear
165 - The following belong to the same trophic level:
165 - The following belong to the same trophic level:
Deer and honey bee
166 - The fungi in a forest ecosystem act as:
166 - The fungi in a forest ecosystem act as:
Decomposer
167 - The greatest biomass of autotrophs in the world's oceans is that of:
167 - The greatest biomass of autotrophs in the world's oceans is that of:
Free-floating microalgae, cyanobacteria and nanoplankton
168 - The gross primary production is maximum in the following ecosystem:
168 - The gross primary production is maximum in the following ecosystem:
Tropical and sub-tropical forest
169 - The gross production minus losses in an ecosystem is indicated as:
169 - The gross production minus losses in an ecosystem is indicated as:
Net primary production
170 - The importance of ecosystem lies in:
170 - The importance of ecosystem lies in:
Both (a) & (b)
171 - The incorporation of minerals by microbes is called:
171 - The incorporation of minerals by microbes is called:
Nutrient immobilization
172 - The irrigated plantations of the ______ are regenerated to a great extent by coppice:
172 - The irrigated plantations of the ______ are regenerated to a great extent by coppice:
Punjab
173 - The living organisms of all ecosystems collectively constitute:
173 - The living organisms of all ecosystems collectively constitute:
Biosphere
174 - The living steady state has a self-regulatory mechanism which is:
174 - The living steady state has a self-regulatory mechanism which is:
Homeostasis
175 - The main role of bacteria in the carbon cycle involves:
175 - The main role of bacteria in the carbon cycle involves:
Digestion or breakdown of organic compounds
176 - The major types of soil are recognized on the basis of their mode of accumulation and include:
176 - The major types of soil are recognized on the basis of their mode of accumulation and include:
All of the above
177 - The major types of soil erosion are:
177 - The major types of soil erosion are:
Both (a) & (b)
178 - The major types of water erosion are:
178 - The major types of water erosion are:
None of these
179 - The major types of wind erosion are:
179 - The major types of wind erosion are:
All of the above
180 - The maximum amount of CO2 fixed by green plants by way of photosynthesis in a year is:
180 - The maximum amount of CO2 fixed by green plants by way of photosynthesis in a year is:
9 x 1013 kg
181 - The minimum number of components required for an ecosystem to survive:
181 - The minimum number of components required for an ecosystem to survive:
Producer and decomposer
182 - The modes of Perennation are:
182 - The modes of Perennation are:
All of the above
183 - The moist tropical deciduous forest biomes show predominace of plants like:
183 - The moist tropical deciduous forest biomes show predominace of plants like:
Shorea and Tectona
184 - The non-green plants are as important as the green plants because they:
184 - The non-green plants are as important as the green plants because they:
Bring about decomposition of dead animals and plant remains
185 - The number of individuals of a species in a particular ecosystem at a given constant due to:
185 - The number of individuals of a species in a particular ecosystem at a given constant due to:
Available food
186 - The number of kinds of food chains:
186 - The number of kinds of food chains:
Three
187 - The number of primary producers within a specified area world be maximum in:
187 - The number of primary producers within a specified area world be maximum in:
Pond ecosystem
188 - The number of producers and consumers in an ecosystem is mutually controlled by a:
188 - The number of producers and consumers in an ecosystem is mutually controlled by a:
Feed back mechanism
189 - The Organic contents of soil are:
189 - The Organic contents of soil are:
All of the above
190 - The other name/names of uniform system:
190 - The other name/names of uniform system:
All of the above
191 - The part of earth in which life exists is known as:
191 - The part of earth in which life exists is known as:
Biosphere
192 - The percentage of light energy utilized for photosynthesis by higher plants is:
192 - The percentage of light energy utilized for photosynthesis by higher plants is:
1
193 - The percentage of water bound in lithosphere and sedimentary rocks is:
193 - The percentage of water bound in lithosphere and sedimentary rocks is:
95
194 - The phytoplanktonic forms of plants are:
194 - The phytoplanktonic forms of plants are:
Autotrophs
195 - The plants of Cupressus and Cedrus are characteristic of:
195 - The plants of Cupressus and Cedrus are characteristic of:
Temperate coniferous forest
196 - The primary consumers are described as:
196 - The primary consumers are described as:
Herbivores
197 - The primary productivity is minimum in the following ecosystem:
197 - The primary productivity is minimum in the following ecosystem:
Desert shrub
198 - The principal disadvantages of the selection system are:
198 - The principal disadvantages of the selection system are:
All of the above
199 - The processes involving the transformation of carbon compounds on earth include:
199 - The processes involving the transformation of carbon compounds on earth include:
Both biological and non-biological processes
200 - The pyramid of biomass in a forest ecosystem is:
200 - The pyramid of biomass in a forest ecosystem is:
Upright
201 - The pyramid of biomass in a parasitic ecosystem is:
201 - The pyramid of biomass in a parasitic ecosystem is:
Upright
202 - The pyramid of biomass in a shallow pond ecosystem is:
202 - The pyramid of biomass in a shallow pond ecosystem is:
Upright
203 - The pyramid of biomass is variable in some:
203 - The pyramid of biomass is variable in some:
Pond ecosystems
204 - The pyramid of energy is always:
204 - The pyramid of energy is always:
Upright
205 - The pyramid of number around a tree would be:
205 - The pyramid of number around a tree would be:
Inverted
206 - The pyramid of number in a forest ecosystem is:
206 - The pyramid of number in a forest ecosystem is:
Rhombiodal
207 - The pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem will be:
207 - The pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem will be:
Upright
208 - The pyramid that cannot be inverted in a stable ecosystem is the pyramid of:
208 - The pyramid that cannot be inverted in a stable ecosystem is the pyramid of:
Energy
209 - The rate at which light energy is converted into chemical energy of organic molecules is the ecosystem's:
209 - The rate at which light energy is converted into chemical energy of organic molecules is the ecosystem's:
Gross primary productivity
210 - The rate of storage at consumer level is:
210 - The rate of storage at consumer level is:
Secondary productivity
211 - The rate of storage of food energy at consumer level is called:
211 - The rate of storage of food energy at consumer level is called:
Secondary productivity
212 - The ration of food energy assimilated to the food energy ingested is called:
212 - The ration of food energy assimilated to the food energy ingested is called:
Assimilation efficiency
213 - The river mouth ecosystem is called:
213 - The river mouth ecosystem is called:
Estuarine
214 - The significance of ecosystem lies in:
214 - The significance of ecosystem lies in:
Both (a) & (b)
215 - The snakes are included under:
215 - The snakes are included under:
None of these
216 - The SO2 is returned to the atomsphere by:
216 - The SO2 is returned to the atomsphere by:
Combustion of fuel
217 - The soil moisture constants are:
217 - The soil moisture constants are:
All of the above
218 - The solar radiations are the sole source of:
218 - The solar radiations are the sole source of:
Both (a) & (b)
219 - The source of energy in an ecosystem is:
219 - The source of energy in an ecosystem is:
Light received from the sun
220 - The study of interaction between living organisms and environment in a specific area is the study of:
220 - The study of interaction between living organisms and environment in a specific area is the study of:
Ecosystem
221 - The sulphate rocks are formed in ocean by leaching of:
221 - The sulphate rocks are formed in ocean by leaching of:
Soluble inorganic sulphates
222 - The taiga ecosystems lie in the:
222 - The taiga ecosystems lie in the:
Sub-alpine aone
223 - The temperate broad-leaf forest biomes are characterized by the predominance of
223 - The temperate broad-leaf forest biomes are characterized by the predominance of
Quercus sp.
224 - The term 'bio-coenosis' was coined by:
224 - The term 'bio-coenosis' was coined by:
Carl Mobius
225 - The term biosphere is used for the zone of earth where life exists:
225 - The term biosphere is used for the zone of earth where life exists:
In the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
226 - The term homeostasis in an ecosystem refers to:
226 - The term homeostasis in an ecosystem refers to:
State of equilibrium
227 - The term omnivore is applied to:
227 - The term omnivore is applied to:
Herbivore and carnivore
228 - The term reducer is applied to:
228 - The term reducer is applied to:
Both (a) & (b)
229 - The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is governed by the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The average efficiency of energy transfer from nerbivores to carnivores is:
229 - The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is governed by the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The average efficiency of energy transfer from nerbivores to carnivores is:
0.1
230 - The transfer of energy from organism to organism is a natural community establishes:
230 - The transfer of energy from organism to organism is a natural community establishes:
Food chains
231 - The trophic level of lion is a forest ecosystem is:
231 - The trophic level of lion is a forest ecosystem is:
T4
232 - The trophic structure in an ecosystem is infact:
232 - The trophic structure in an ecosystem is infact:
Producer-consumer arrangement
233 - The two major functional components of an ecosystem are:
233 - The two major functional components of an ecosystem are:
Food chain and decomposers
234 - The ultimate energy source of ecosystem is:
234 - The ultimate energy source of ecosystem is:
Solar energy
235 - The whale is:
235 - The whale is:
Secondary consumer
236 - The zooplanktonic forms are:
236 - The zooplanktonic forms are:
Primay consumers
237 - These belong to the category of primary consumers:
237 - These belong to the category of primary consumers:
Insects and cattle
238 - This is an inverted pyramid:
238 - This is an inverted pyramid:
Pyramid of biomass in a pond ecosystem
239 - Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:
239 - Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:
Carnivores
240 - Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:
240 - Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:
Carnivores
241 - To eat and being eaten relationship is called:
241 - To eat and being eaten relationship is called:
Food chain
242 - Trophic levels are formed by:
242 - Trophic levels are formed by:
Organisms linked in food chains
243 - Trophic levels are formed by:
243 - Trophic levels are formed by:
Organisms linked in food chains
244 - Typical successions in forest are:
244 - Typical successions in forest are:
All of the above
245 - Under which system mature trees are scattered over the whole area of the forest and felling should proceed annually over the whole area of the estate?
245 - Under which system mature trees are scattered over the whole area of the forest and felling should proceed annually over the whole area of the estate?
Selection system
246 - Uniform system can be applied in:
246 - Uniform system can be applied in:
Both (a) & (b)
247 - What is contributed from the outer space in an ecosystem?
247 - What is contributed from the outer space in an ecosystem?
Energy only
248 - What is coppice system?
248 - What is coppice system?
A systems where the crop originates from coppice and where the rotation of the coppice is short.
249 - What is silvicultural system?
249 - What is silvicultural system?
It is the process by which the crops constituting a forest are tended, removed and replaced by new crops, resulting in the production on woods of a distinctive form:
250 - What is the major methods of obtaining regeneration?
250 - What is the major methods of obtaining regeneration?
All of the above
251 - When a big fish eats a small fish, which easts water-fleas supported by phytoplankton, the water leas are:
251 - When a big fish eats a small fish, which easts water-fleas supported by phytoplankton, the water leas are:
Primary consumers
252 - When peacock eats snakes which eat insects thriving on green plants, peacock is:
252 - When peacock eats snakes which eat insects thriving on green plants, peacock is:
The apex of the food pyramid
253 - When the number of organisms at successive levels are plotted, they assume the space of a pyramid. This is called the pyramid of:
253 - When the number of organisms at successive levels are plotted, they assume the space of a pyramid. This is called the pyramid of:
Number
254 - Which are the biotic components of forest ecosystem?
254 - Which are the biotic components of forest ecosystem?
All of the above
255 - Which ecological cycle is directly driven by sunlight?
255 - Which ecological cycle is directly driven by sunlight?
Hydrologic
256 - Which ecosystem has the highest primary productivity?
256 - Which ecosystem has the highest primary productivity?
Forest ecosystem
257 - Which group of three living organisms, given below is a link in food chain: Green plants .... Hawk:
257 - Which group of three living organisms, given below is a link in food chain: Green plants .... Hawk:
Grasshopper, frog, snake
258 - Which is a primary consumer?
258 - Which is a primary consumer?
Herbivore
259 - Which is the most stable ecosystem?
259 - Which is the most stable ecosystem?
Forest
260 - Which is the most stable ecosystem?
260 - Which is the most stable ecosystem?
Ocean
261 - Which of the following belong to the same trophic level?
261 - Which of the following belong to the same trophic level?
Yeast and Monotrapa
262 - Which of the following characterizes the biomass in an ecosystem?
262 - Which of the following characterizes the biomass in an ecosystem?
No general statement can be made about relative biomass of different ecological groups
263 - Which of the following ecosystem has highest gross primary productivity:
263 - Which of the following ecosystem has highest gross primary productivity:
Grassland
264 - Which of the following food chain may not be directly dependent upon solar energy?
264 - Which of the following food chain may not be directly dependent upon solar energy?
Detritus
265 - Which of the following habitats is most unsuitable for primary productivity:
265 - Which of the following habitats is most unsuitable for primary productivity:
Cave
266 - Which of the following has the largest amount of energy?
266 - Which of the following has the largest amount of energy?
Producers
267 - Which of the following is an artificial ecosystem?
267 - Which of the following is an artificial ecosystem?
Rice-field
268 - Which of the following is expected to have the highest value (gm/m2/yr) in a grassland ecosystem?
268 - Which of the following is expected to have the highest value (gm/m2/yr) in a grassland ecosystem?
Gross Production (GP)
269 - Which of the following is logical sequence of carbon cycle:
269 - Which of the following is logical sequence of carbon cycle:
Photosynthesis-consumer-decomposer
270 - Which of the following is non-renewable source of energy:
270 - Which of the following is non-renewable source of energy:
Forest
271 - Which of the following is the smallest unit?
271 - Which of the following is the smallest unit?
Ecosystem
272 - Which of the following serves as source of carbon in plants:
272 - Which of the following serves as source of carbon in plants:
Atmospheric CO2
273 - Which of the following terms is not a synonym literally for ecosystem?
273 - Which of the following terms is not a synonym literally for ecosystem?
Ecosphere
274 - Which of the following world is related to Homo sapiens?
274 - Which of the following world is related to Homo sapiens?
Omnivore
275 - Which one of the following elements is the critical limiting factors in the function of ecosphere because of its irretrievable loss in the ocear:
275 - Which one of the following elements is the critical limiting factors in the function of ecosphere because of its irretrievable loss in the ocear:
P
276 - Which one of the following is a reversible source of energy?
276 - Which one of the following is a reversible source of energy?
Nuclear fuel
277 - Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle?
277 - Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle?
Phosphorus and sulphur
278 - Which part of the pond ecosystem does not affect by the temperature:
278 - Which part of the pond ecosystem does not affect by the temperature:
Hypolimnion
279 - Which type of the following ecological pyramids are never inverted?
279 - Which type of the following ecological pyramids are never inverted?
Pyramids of energy
280 - Xerophytes means:
280 - Xerophytes means:
Both (a) & (b)
1 - ________ consists in clear-cutting a fixed area annually which is regenerated by coppice shoots:
1 - ________ consists in clear-cutting a fixed area annually which is regenerated by coppice shoots:
Simple coppice system
2 - _________ consists of a crop arranged in two different stories, one above the other; each story being approximately even-aged not of seedling as opposed to coppice origin:
2 - _________ consists of a crop arranged in two different stories, one above the other; each story being approximately even-aged not of seedling as opposed to coppice origin:
Two-storied high forest
3 - A biotic community comprises:
3 - A biotic community comprises:
Plants and animals
4 - A clear-felling with a forest protection over wood and regeneration from coppice is called:
4 - A clear-felling with a forest protection over wood and regeneration from coppice is called:
Shelterwood coppice system
5 - A complex of several species and communities in various stages of succession maintained under similar climatic conditions is known as:
5 - A complex of several species and communities in various stages of succession maintained under similar climatic conditions is known as:
Biome
6 - A crocodile had just eaten a lamb when a hawk saw the crocodile attacked it, and consumed it. The hawk is in ecological terms:
6 - A crocodile had just eaten a lamb when a hawk saw the crocodile attacked it, and consumed it. The hawk is in ecological terms:
A tertiary consumer
7 - A food chain consists of:
7 - A food chain consists of:
Producers, consumers and decomposers
8 - A food chain has the following trophic levels:
8 - A food chain has the following trophic levels:
3 or 4
9 - A food chain starts with:
9 - A food chain starts with:
Photosynthesizing organisms
10 - A man is the part of biotic community:
10 - A man is the part of biotic community:
Always
11 - A plant, being eaten by a herbivore which in turn is eaten by a carnivore, makes a:
11 - A plant, being eaten by a herbivore which in turn is eaten by a carnivore, makes a:
Food chain
12 - Abiotic components are:
12 - Abiotic components are:
All of the above
13 - Abiotic factors are:
13 - Abiotic factors are:
All of the above
14 - Accelerated soil erosion factors are:
14 - Accelerated soil erosion factors are:
Both (a) & (b)
15 - According to Lindemann, the percentage of net production passed on to carnivores is:
15 - According to Lindemann, the percentage of net production passed on to carnivores is:
28.6
16 - According to Lindemann, the total solar input in terms of gcal/cm2/year is:
16 - According to Lindemann, the total solar input in terms of gcal/cm2/year is:
118872
17 - According to Odum the light absorbed by the plant cover in terms of kcal/m2/day is:
17 - According to Odum the light absorbed by the plant cover in terms of kcal/m2/day is:
1500
18 - According to Odum, the percentage of net primary production of total light intake is:
18 - According to Odum, the percentage of net primary production of total light intake is:
0.01
19 - All the living organisms on the earth interacting with atmosphere constitute:
19 - All the living organisms on the earth interacting with atmosphere constitute:
Biosphere
20 - An ecosystem is a structure that is:
20 - An ecosystem is a structure that is:
Either of these
21 - An ecosystem is:
21 - An ecosystem is:
A functional unit of biotic and abiotic components which have an energy source
22 - An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can recover after sometime if damaging effect stops will be having:
22 - An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can recover after sometime if damaging effect stops will be having:
High stability and high resillience
23 - As each coupe comes under felling the operations are being carried out:
23 - As each coupe comes under felling the operations are being carried out:
All of the above
24 - Azolla is used as a biofertilizer because it:
24 - Azolla is used as a biofertilizer because it:
Has association nitrogen fixing Cyanobacteria
25 - Bacteria and fungi in a forest ecosystem are generally:
25 - Bacteria and fungi in a forest ecosystem are generally:
Decomposers
26 - Biological equilibrium is found among the:
26 - Biological equilibrium is found among the:
Producers, consumers and decomposers
27 - Biome' is:
27 - Biome' is:
That part of the earth and its atmosphere, which inhabits living organisms
28 - Biophere refers to:
28 - Biophere refers to:
Area occupied by living beings
29 - Biosphere is that:
29 - Biosphere is that:
Where individuals interact with each other
30 - Biotic components are:
30 - Biotic components are:
All of the above
31 - Biotic components of an ecosystem include:
31 - Biotic components of an ecosystem include:
Producers, consumers and decomposers
32 - Branches of ecology are:
32 - Branches of ecology are:
Both (a) & (b)
33 - Buttresses are usually found in the plants growing in:
33 - Buttresses are usually found in the plants growing in:
Tropical rain forest
34 - Carbon cycle includes:
34 - Carbon cycle includes:
Producer, consumer, decomposer
35 - Carnivores are:
35 - Carnivores are:
Usually secondary or tertiary consumers
36 - Causes of accelerated erosion are:
36 - Causes of accelerated erosion are:
Both (a) & (b)
37 - Causes of plant succession are:
37 - Causes of plant succession are:
Both (a) & (b)
38 - Classification of plant succession categorised as:
38 - Classification of plant succession categorised as:
Both (a) & (b)
39 - Components of ecosystem are:
39 - Components of ecosystem are:
Both (a) & (b)
40 - Crops in part at least, originating from stool shoots or by other vegetative means:
40 - Crops in part at least, originating from stool shoots or by other vegetative means:
Coppices system
41 - Crysanthemum is propagated by___________?
41 - Crysanthemum is propagated by___________?
Suckers
42 - Decomposers are:
42 - Decomposers are:
Heterotrophs
43 - Deers are:
43 - Deers are:
Herbivores
44 - During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as in producing biogas, which of the following is left undergraded?
44 - During anaerobic digestion of organic waste, such as in producing biogas, which of the following is left undergraded?
Lignin
45 - During food chain the maximum energy is stored in:
45 - During food chain the maximum energy is stored in:
Producers
46 - Ecological pyramids are of:
46 - Ecological pyramids are of:
Three types
47 - Ecological pyramids were discovered by:
47 - Ecological pyramids were discovered by:
Elton
48 - Ecosystem contains:
48 - Ecosystem contains:
All of the above
49 - Ecosystem creates:
49 - Ecosystem creates:
Both (a) & (b)
50 - Ecosystem includes:
50 - Ecosystem includes:
Both (a) & (b)
51 - Ecosystem may be defined as:
51 - Ecosystem may be defined as:
Functional unit for ecological studies
52 - Ecosystem receives nitrogen from outside through:
52 - Ecosystem receives nitrogen from outside through:
All the above
53 - Energy enters into the ecosystem through:
53 - Energy enters into the ecosystem through:
Producers
54 - Energy flow and energy transformations in living systems strictly conform to the:
54 - Energy flow and energy transformations in living systems strictly conform to the:
Laws of thermody namics
55 - Energy transfer from one trophic level to other in a food chain is:
55 - Energy transfer from one trophic level to other in a food chain is:
0.1
56 - Environmental factors in ecosystem:
56 - Environmental factors in ecosystem:
Both (a) & (b)
57 - Every ecosystem must have a continuous external source of:
57 - Every ecosystem must have a continuous external source of:
Energy
58 - Felling and regeneration distributed continuously over the whole area, corp wholly uneven-aged:
58 - Felling and regeneration distributed continuously over the whole area, corp wholly uneven-aged:
Selection system
59 - Felling and regeneration for the time being concentrated on part for the forest area:
59 - Felling and regeneration for the time being concentrated on part for the forest area:
Both (a) & (b)
60 - Felling beginning in internal lines and advancing outwards in wedge formation:
60 - Felling beginning in internal lines and advancing outwards in wedge formation:
Wedge system
61 - Food chains are met with only in the:
61 - Food chains are met with only in the:
In all these places
62 - Food levels in an ecosystem are called:
62 - Food levels in an ecosystem are called:
Trophic levels
63 - Forest Ecosystem means:
63 - Forest Ecosystem means:
Both (a) & (b)
64 - Form of forest produced by introducing a young crop beneath an existing immature is called:
64 - Form of forest produced by introducing a young crop beneath an existing immature is called:
Two-storied high forest
65 - Form of forest produced by retaining certain trees of the old crop after regeneration is completed known as:
65 - Form of forest produced by retaining certain trees of the old crop after regeneration is completed known as:
High forest with standards
66 - From gross production of autotrophs, according to Lindemann, how much energy in gcal/cm2/year is used in respiration and decomposition respectively:
66 - From gross production of autotrophs, according to Lindemann, how much energy in gcal/cm2/year is used in respiration and decomposition respectively:
29.3, 3.5
67 - From the onwards the coppice crop will be thinned on a ______ cycle:
67 - From the onwards the coppice crop will be thinned on a ______ cycle:
10 years
68 - Green plants constitute:
68 - Green plants constitute:
The first trophic level
69 - Hydrological cycle is under the control of:
69 - Hydrological cycle is under the control of:
Forests
70 - Hydrophytes (Acquatic Plants) means:
70 - Hydrophytes (Acquatic Plants) means:
Both (a) & (b)
71 - Hygrophytes (Moisture loving plants) means:
71 - Hygrophytes (Moisture loving plants) means:
All of the above
72 - If all the green plants were to disappear from the earth:
72 - If all the green plants were to disappear from the earth:
All the animal will die
73 - If bamboo plant is growing in a far forest then what will be its trophic level?
73 - If bamboo plant is growing in a far forest then what will be its trophic level?
First
74 - If corbon dioxide is withdrawn from the biosphere, which organism would first experience negative effect?
74 - If corbon dioxide is withdrawn from the biosphere, which organism would first experience negative effect?
Producers
75 - If organisms are arranged according to predator-prey relationship one always finds more of prey species then of predator. This is called a:
75 - If organisms are arranged according to predator-prey relationship one always finds more of prey species then of predator. This is called a:
Pyramid of numbers
76 - If phytoplanktons are destroyed from sea, then:
76 - If phytoplanktons are destroyed from sea, then:
Food chain will be effected
77 - If precise quantitative measurements are made on a convined ecosystem in a laboratory, we will find amounts of which of the following to be a one-way flow rather than cyclic?
77 - If precise quantitative measurements are made on a convined ecosystem in a laboratory, we will find amounts of which of the following to be a one-way flow rather than cyclic?
Free energy
78 - If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosysters, its functioning will be adversely affected because:
78 - If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosysters, its functioning will be adversely affected because:
Mineral movement will be blocked
79 - In a biome the life form of climatic climax vegetation is:
79 - In a biome the life form of climatic climax vegetation is:
Uniform
80 - In a biotic community, primary consumers are:
80 - In a biotic community, primary consumers are:
Herbivores
81 - In a comparative study of grassland ecosystem and pond ecosystem it may be observed that:
81 - In a comparative study of grassland ecosystem and pond ecosystem it may be observed that:
Both biotic and abiotic components are different
82 - In a fish aquarium green aquatic plants are grown primarily for:
82 - In a fish aquarium green aquatic plants are grown primarily for:
Oxygen
83 - In a food chain the largest population is that of:
83 - In a food chain the largest population is that of:
Producers
84 - In a food chain, man is:
84 - In a food chain, man is:
Primary and Secondary consumer
85 - In a food chain, the initial organism is:
85 - In a food chain, the initial organism is:
Herbivore
86 - In a food chain, the total amount of living material is depicted by:
86 - In a food chain, the total amount of living material is depicted by:
Pyramid of biomass
87 - In a forest ecosystem, green plants are:
87 - In a forest ecosystem, green plants are:
The primary producers
88 - In a forest ecosystem, the numerical relationship between the producers and herbivores:
88 - In a forest ecosystem, the numerical relationship between the producers and herbivores:
Producers less than herbivores
89 - In a parasitic food chain which trophic level is represented by bugs and lices?
89 - In a parasitic food chain which trophic level is represented by bugs and lices?
T3
90 - In a stabilized ecosystem the P/R ratio is:
90 - In a stabilized ecosystem the P/R ratio is:
One
91 - In a terrestrial ecosystem such as forest maximum energy lies in which trophic level?
91 - In a terrestrial ecosystem such as forest maximum energy lies in which trophic level?
T1
92 - In an aquatic environment, microscopic animals and plants are collectively known:
92 - In an aquatic environment, microscopic animals and plants are collectively known:
Planktons
93 - In an ecosystem in abiotic components which of the following occurs?
93 - In an ecosystem in abiotic components which of the following occurs?
Flow of energy and cycling of materials
94 - In an ecosystem, bacteria are considered as:
94 - In an ecosystem, bacteria are considered as:
Microconsumers
95 - In an ecosystem, the population of:
95 - In an ecosystem, the population of:
Primary producers is larger than that of primary consumers
96 - In an upright pyramid of biomass, the herbivores occupy the position:
96 - In an upright pyramid of biomass, the herbivores occupy the position:
2
97 - In coppice with standard system how many rotations?
97 - In coppice with standard system how many rotations?
Two or more rotations
98 - In desert grasslands, which type of animals are relatively more abundant?
98 - In desert grasslands, which type of animals are relatively more abundant?
Fossorial
99 - In food chain initial organisms are:
99 - In food chain initial organisms are:
Photo synthesizers
100 - In food chain, herbivores are:
100 - In food chain, herbivores are:
Primary consumer
101 - In forest ecosstem, pyramid of number is:
101 - In forest ecosstem, pyramid of number is:
None of the above
102 - In lake ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is:
102 - In lake ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is:
Inverted
103 - In natural ecosystem, decomposers include:
103 - In natural ecosystem, decomposers include:
Only bacteria and fungi
104 - In the following there is no difference:
104 - In the following there is no difference:
Primary consumers and herbivores
105 - In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes phosphate available first to:
105 - In the phosphorus cycle, weathering makes phosphate available first to:
Producers
106 - In which of the following there is no difference?
106 - In which of the following there is no difference?
Primary consumers and herbivores
107 - In which system that the regeneration of the compartment is started form natural foci or groups of advance growth?
107 - In which system that the regeneration of the compartment is started form natural foci or groups of advance growth?
Group system
108 - Major types of climax are:
108 - Major types of climax are:
All of the above
109 - Man is a:
109 - Man is a:
Consumer
110 - Manual of silviculture for Pakistan"authored by:
110 - Manual of silviculture for Pakistan"authored by:
Champion, Seth and Kattak
111 - Mark the correct statement with reference to phosphorous cycle:
111 - Mark the correct statement with reference to phosphorous cycle:
Ocean phosphates are lost by sedimentation
112 - Mark the correct statement:
112 - Mark the correct statement:
Microconsumers are saprotrophs
113 - Mark the incorrect statement with reference to carbon cycle:
113 - Mark the incorrect statement with reference to carbon cycle:
75% of total carbon lies in geological component
114 - Mesophytes means:
114 - Mesophytes means:
All of the above
115 - Mr. X is eating curd/yoghurt. For this food intake in a food chain he should be considered as occupying:
115 - Mr. X is eating curd/yoghurt. For this food intake in a food chain he should be considered as occupying:
Fourth trophic level
116 - Mulberry is introduced by ___________
116 - Mulberry is introduced by ___________
Under planting
117 - Nektons are:
117 - Nektons are:
Organisms that swim in water
118 - Nepenthes is a :
118 - Nepenthes is a :
Primary producer and consumer
119 - Niche of a species in an ecosystem refers to its:
119 - Niche of a species in an ecosystem refers to its:
Function at its place of occurrence
120 - Non-biotic components can be grauped into:
120 - Non-biotic components can be grauped into:
All of the above
121 - One of the major difficulties in the biological control of insect pests is that:
121 - One of the major difficulties in the biological control of insect pests is that:
The predator develops a preference to other diets and may itself become a pest
122 - Opening of canopy by scattered gaps, young crop more or less even-aged in which system:
122 - Opening of canopy by scattered gaps, young crop more or less even-aged in which system:
Group system
123 - Opening of canopy even young crop more or less even aged and uniform felling happing under:
123 - Opening of canopy even young crop more or less even aged and uniform felling happing under:
Uniform system
124 - Opening of canopy irregular and gradual, young crop somewhat uneven-aged:
124 - Opening of canopy irregular and gradual, young crop somewhat uneven-aged:
Irregular system
125 - Peacock eats a snake and snake eats frog and frog eats insect while insect eats green plant, then position of peacock is:
125 - Peacock eats a snake and snake eats frog and frog eats insect while insect eats green plant, then position of peacock is:
Apex of food pyramids
126 - Plant associations refer:
126 - Plant associations refer:
Both (a) & (b)
127 - Plant succession means:
127 - Plant succession means:
Both (a) & (b)
128 - Plants constitute the:
128 - Plants constitute the:
First trophic level
129 - Plants like Saccharum. Imperata, Capparis and Acacia occur in the following biome:
129 - Plants like Saccharum. Imperata, Capparis and Acacia occur in the following biome:
Tropical savannah
130 - Pond is an example of:
130 - Pond is an example of:
Natural ecosystem
131 - Prairies and steppes are parts of the natural regions called:
131 - Prairies and steppes are parts of the natural regions called:
Temperate grasslands
132 - Principal advantages of the selection system are:
132 - Principal advantages of the selection system are:
All of the above
133 - Regeneration may be effected by how many ways?
133 - Regeneration may be effected by how many ways?
All of the above
134 - Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is usually referred to damages caused by:
134 - Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is usually referred to damages caused by:
High temperature
135 - Savannahs are:
135 - Savannahs are:
Grassland with scattered trees
136 - Soil erosion factors include:
136 - Soil erosion factors include:
All of the above
137 - Soil water depicts:
137 - Soil water depicts:
All of the above
138 - Source of energy in an ecosystem is:
138 - Source of energy in an ecosystem is:
Sun
139 - Strips are cutting through the forest and regenerated naturally the intervening strips being subsequently clear-felled and generally:
139 - Strips are cutting through the forest and regenerated naturally the intervening strips being subsequently clear-felled and generally:
Uniform system
140 - Successive areas are clear-felled in accordance with the prescriptions of the working plan and area regenerated naturally or artificially is known as:
140 - Successive areas are clear-felled in accordance with the prescriptions of the working plan and area regenerated naturally or artificially is known as:
Clear felling system
141 - Sulphur is returned to the soil by:
141 - Sulphur is returned to the soil by:
Consumers and decomposers
142 - Synecology can be subdivided into how many branches:
142 - Synecology can be subdivided into how many branches:
All of the above
143 - Ten per cent law of energy transfer, in a food chain was enunciated by:
143 - Ten per cent law of energy transfer, in a food chain was enunciated by:
Lindeman
144 - The amount of living matter present in a component population of a particular trophic level is called:
144 - The amount of living matter present in a component population of a particular trophic level is called:
Standing crop
145 - The bacteria which attack the dead animals are:
145 - The bacteria which attack the dead animals are:
The end of the food chain and are decomposers
146 - The biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem are connected through:
146 - The biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem are connected through:
Humification and mineralization
147 - The clear strip system is associated with:
147 - The clear strip system is associated with:
Silvicultural system
148 - The correct sequence of food chain is:
148 - The correct sequence of food chain is:
Grass-insect-bird-snake
149 - The cybernatics of an ecosystem refers to:
149 - The cybernatics of an ecosystem refers to:
Regulation of equilibrium
150 - The cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called:
150 - The cycling of elements in an ecosystem is called:
Biogeochemical cycle
151 - The decomposers in an ecosystem constitute the following trophic level:
151 - The decomposers in an ecosystem constitute the following trophic level:
T5
152 - The driving force of the ecosystem is:
152 - The driving force of the ecosystem is:
Solar energy
153 - The earth could have sustained more population if all the people would have been:
153 - The earth could have sustained more population if all the people would have been:
Dependent upon milk, egg and vegetarian habit
154 - The earth's atmosphere in which organisms live, is called:
154 - The earth's atmosphere in which organisms live, is called:
Biosphere
155 - The ecological pyramids were first designed by:
155 - The ecological pyramids were first designed by:
Elton
156 - The ecosystem exists in a state of 'balance'. Supposing one of the heterotrophs, says the rabbit, multiplies and increases in number suddenly then:
156 - The ecosystem exists in a state of 'balance'. Supposing one of the heterotrophs, says the rabbit, multiplies and increases in number suddenly then:
The 'balance' will be restoredby an increase in the wolf population
157 - The ecosystem lying in the alpine zone between taiga and polar ice is called:
157 - The ecosystem lying in the alpine zone between taiga and polar ice is called:
Tundra
158 - The efficiency of primary production in an ocean is:
158 - The efficiency of primary production in an ocean is:
0.002
159 - The essence of silvicultural system:
159 - The essence of silvicultural system:
All of the above
160 - The factors to control of wind erosion are:
160 - The factors to control of wind erosion are:
Both (a) & (b)
161 - The first fish that eats upon the planktonic forms is:
161 - The first fish that eats upon the planktonic forms is:
Secondary consumer
162 - The first link in any food chain is a green plant because:
162 - The first link in any food chain is a green plant because:
They alone have the capacity to fix the atmospheric CO2 in the presence of sunlight
163 - The flora and fauna in lakes and ponds represents:
163 - The flora and fauna in lakes and ponds represents:
Lentic biota
164 - The flow of materials and energy in an ecosystem is respectively:
164 - The flow of materials and energy in an ecosystem is respectively:
Cyclic and linear
165 - The following belong to the same trophic level:
165 - The following belong to the same trophic level:
Deer and honey bee
166 - The fungi in a forest ecosystem act as:
166 - The fungi in a forest ecosystem act as:
Decomposer
167 - The greatest biomass of autotrophs in the world's oceans is that of:
167 - The greatest biomass of autotrophs in the world's oceans is that of:
Free-floating microalgae, cyanobacteria and nanoplankton
168 - The gross primary production is maximum in the following ecosystem:
168 - The gross primary production is maximum in the following ecosystem:
Tropical and sub-tropical forest
169 - The gross production minus losses in an ecosystem is indicated as:
169 - The gross production minus losses in an ecosystem is indicated as:
Net primary production
170 - The importance of ecosystem lies in:
170 - The importance of ecosystem lies in:
Both (a) & (b)
171 - The incorporation of minerals by microbes is called:
171 - The incorporation of minerals by microbes is called:
Nutrient immobilization
172 - The irrigated plantations of the ______ are regenerated to a great extent by coppice:
172 - The irrigated plantations of the ______ are regenerated to a great extent by coppice:
Punjab
173 - The living organisms of all ecosystems collectively constitute:
173 - The living organisms of all ecosystems collectively constitute:
Biosphere
174 - The living steady state has a self-regulatory mechanism which is:
174 - The living steady state has a self-regulatory mechanism which is:
Homeostasis
175 - The main role of bacteria in the carbon cycle involves:
175 - The main role of bacteria in the carbon cycle involves:
Digestion or breakdown of organic compounds
176 - The major types of soil are recognized on the basis of their mode of accumulation and include:
176 - The major types of soil are recognized on the basis of their mode of accumulation and include:
All of the above
177 - The major types of soil erosion are:
177 - The major types of soil erosion are:
Both (a) & (b)
178 - The major types of water erosion are:
178 - The major types of water erosion are:
None of these
179 - The major types of wind erosion are:
179 - The major types of wind erosion are:
All of the above
180 - The maximum amount of CO2 fixed by green plants by way of photosynthesis in a year is:
180 - The maximum amount of CO2 fixed by green plants by way of photosynthesis in a year is:
9 x 1013 kg
181 - The minimum number of components required for an ecosystem to survive:
181 - The minimum number of components required for an ecosystem to survive:
Producer and decomposer
182 - The modes of Perennation are:
182 - The modes of Perennation are:
All of the above
183 - The moist tropical deciduous forest biomes show predominace of plants like:
183 - The moist tropical deciduous forest biomes show predominace of plants like:
Shorea and Tectona
184 - The non-green plants are as important as the green plants because they:
184 - The non-green plants are as important as the green plants because they:
Bring about decomposition of dead animals and plant remains
185 - The number of individuals of a species in a particular ecosystem at a given constant due to:
185 - The number of individuals of a species in a particular ecosystem at a given constant due to:
Available food
186 - The number of kinds of food chains:
186 - The number of kinds of food chains:
Three
187 - The number of primary producers within a specified area world be maximum in:
187 - The number of primary producers within a specified area world be maximum in:
Pond ecosystem
188 - The number of producers and consumers in an ecosystem is mutually controlled by a:
188 - The number of producers and consumers in an ecosystem is mutually controlled by a:
Feed back mechanism
189 - The Organic contents of soil are:
189 - The Organic contents of soil are:
All of the above
190 - The other name/names of uniform system:
190 - The other name/names of uniform system:
All of the above
191 - The part of earth in which life exists is known as:
191 - The part of earth in which life exists is known as:
Biosphere
192 - The percentage of light energy utilized for photosynthesis by higher plants is:
192 - The percentage of light energy utilized for photosynthesis by higher plants is:
1
193 - The percentage of water bound in lithosphere and sedimentary rocks is:
193 - The percentage of water bound in lithosphere and sedimentary rocks is:
95
194 - The phytoplanktonic forms of plants are:
194 - The phytoplanktonic forms of plants are:
Autotrophs
195 - The plants of Cupressus and Cedrus are characteristic of:
195 - The plants of Cupressus and Cedrus are characteristic of:
Temperate coniferous forest
196 - The primary consumers are described as:
196 - The primary consumers are described as:
Herbivores
197 - The primary productivity is minimum in the following ecosystem:
197 - The primary productivity is minimum in the following ecosystem:
Desert shrub
198 - The principal disadvantages of the selection system are:
198 - The principal disadvantages of the selection system are:
All of the above
199 - The processes involving the transformation of carbon compounds on earth include:
199 - The processes involving the transformation of carbon compounds on earth include:
Both biological and non-biological processes
200 - The pyramid of biomass in a forest ecosystem is:
200 - The pyramid of biomass in a forest ecosystem is:
Upright
201 - The pyramid of biomass in a parasitic ecosystem is:
201 - The pyramid of biomass in a parasitic ecosystem is:
Upright
202 - The pyramid of biomass in a shallow pond ecosystem is:
202 - The pyramid of biomass in a shallow pond ecosystem is:
Upright
203 - The pyramid of biomass is variable in some:
203 - The pyramid of biomass is variable in some:
Pond ecosystems
204 - The pyramid of energy is always:
204 - The pyramid of energy is always:
Upright
205 - The pyramid of number around a tree would be:
205 - The pyramid of number around a tree would be:
Inverted
206 - The pyramid of number in a forest ecosystem is:
206 - The pyramid of number in a forest ecosystem is:
Rhombiodal
207 - The pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem will be:
207 - The pyramid of numbers in a grassland ecosystem will be:
Upright
208 - The pyramid that cannot be inverted in a stable ecosystem is the pyramid of:
208 - The pyramid that cannot be inverted in a stable ecosystem is the pyramid of:
Energy
209 - The rate at which light energy is converted into chemical energy of organic molecules is the ecosystem's:
209 - The rate at which light energy is converted into chemical energy of organic molecules is the ecosystem's:
Gross primary productivity
210 - The rate of storage at consumer level is:
210 - The rate of storage at consumer level is:
Secondary productivity
211 - The rate of storage of food energy at consumer level is called:
211 - The rate of storage of food energy at consumer level is called:
Secondary productivity
212 - The ration of food energy assimilated to the food energy ingested is called:
212 - The ration of food energy assimilated to the food energy ingested is called:
Assimilation efficiency
213 - The river mouth ecosystem is called:
213 - The river mouth ecosystem is called:
Estuarine
214 - The significance of ecosystem lies in:
214 - The significance of ecosystem lies in:
Both (a) & (b)
215 - The snakes are included under:
215 - The snakes are included under:
None of these
216 - The SO2 is returned to the atomsphere by:
216 - The SO2 is returned to the atomsphere by:
Combustion of fuel
217 - The soil moisture constants are:
217 - The soil moisture constants are:
All of the above
218 - The solar radiations are the sole source of:
218 - The solar radiations are the sole source of:
Both (a) & (b)
219 - The source of energy in an ecosystem is:
219 - The source of energy in an ecosystem is:
Light received from the sun
220 - The study of interaction between living organisms and environment in a specific area is the study of:
220 - The study of interaction between living organisms and environment in a specific area is the study of:
Ecosystem
221 - The sulphate rocks are formed in ocean by leaching of:
221 - The sulphate rocks are formed in ocean by leaching of:
Soluble inorganic sulphates
222 - The taiga ecosystems lie in the:
222 - The taiga ecosystems lie in the:
Sub-alpine aone
223 - The temperate broad-leaf forest biomes are characterized by the predominance of
223 - The temperate broad-leaf forest biomes are characterized by the predominance of
Quercus sp.
224 - The term 'bio-coenosis' was coined by:
224 - The term 'bio-coenosis' was coined by:
Carl Mobius
225 - The term biosphere is used for the zone of earth where life exists:
225 - The term biosphere is used for the zone of earth where life exists:
In the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere
226 - The term homeostasis in an ecosystem refers to:
226 - The term homeostasis in an ecosystem refers to:
State of equilibrium
227 - The term omnivore is applied to:
227 - The term omnivore is applied to:
Herbivore and carnivore
228 - The term reducer is applied to:
228 - The term reducer is applied to:
Both (a) & (b)
229 - The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is governed by the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The average efficiency of energy transfer from nerbivores to carnivores is:
229 - The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is governed by the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The average efficiency of energy transfer from nerbivores to carnivores is:
0.1
230 - The transfer of energy from organism to organism is a natural community establishes:
230 - The transfer of energy from organism to organism is a natural community establishes:
Food chains
231 - The trophic level of lion is a forest ecosystem is:
231 - The trophic level of lion is a forest ecosystem is:
T4
232 - The trophic structure in an ecosystem is infact:
232 - The trophic structure in an ecosystem is infact:
Producer-consumer arrangement
233 - The two major functional components of an ecosystem are:
233 - The two major functional components of an ecosystem are:
Food chain and decomposers
234 - The ultimate energy source of ecosystem is:
234 - The ultimate energy source of ecosystem is:
Solar energy
235 - The whale is:
235 - The whale is:
Secondary consumer
236 - The zooplanktonic forms are:
236 - The zooplanktonic forms are:
Primay consumers
237 - These belong to the category of primary consumers:
237 - These belong to the category of primary consumers:
Insects and cattle
238 - This is an inverted pyramid:
238 - This is an inverted pyramid:
Pyramid of biomass in a pond ecosystem
239 - Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:
239 - Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:
Carnivores
240 - Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:
240 - Tip of ecological pyramid is occupied by:
Carnivores
241 - To eat and being eaten relationship is called:
241 - To eat and being eaten relationship is called:
Food chain
242 - Trophic levels are formed by:
242 - Trophic levels are formed by:
Organisms linked in food chains
243 - Trophic levels are formed by:
243 - Trophic levels are formed by:
Organisms linked in food chains
244 - Typical successions in forest are:
244 - Typical successions in forest are:
All of the above
245 - Under which system mature trees are scattered over the whole area of the forest and felling should proceed annually over the whole area of the estate?
245 - Under which system mature trees are scattered over the whole area of the forest and felling should proceed annually over the whole area of the estate?
Selection system
246 - Uniform system can be applied in:
246 - Uniform system can be applied in:
Both (a) & (b)
247 - What is contributed from the outer space in an ecosystem?
247 - What is contributed from the outer space in an ecosystem?
Energy only
248 - What is coppice system?
248 - What is coppice system?
A systems where the crop originates from coppice and where the rotation of the coppice is short.
249 - What is silvicultural system?
249 - What is silvicultural system?
It is the process by which the crops constituting a forest are tended, removed and replaced by new crops, resulting in the production on woods of a distinctive form:
250 - What is the major methods of obtaining regeneration?
250 - What is the major methods of obtaining regeneration?
All of the above
251 - When a big fish eats a small fish, which easts water-fleas supported by phytoplankton, the water leas are:
251 - When a big fish eats a small fish, which easts water-fleas supported by phytoplankton, the water leas are:
Primary consumers
252 - When peacock eats snakes which eat insects thriving on green plants, peacock is:
252 - When peacock eats snakes which eat insects thriving on green plants, peacock is:
The apex of the food pyramid
253 - When the number of organisms at successive levels are plotted, they assume the space of a pyramid. This is called the pyramid of:
253 - When the number of organisms at successive levels are plotted, they assume the space of a pyramid. This is called the pyramid of:
Number
254 - Which are the biotic components of forest ecosystem?
254 - Which are the biotic components of forest ecosystem?
All of the above
255 - Which ecological cycle is directly driven by sunlight?
255 - Which ecological cycle is directly driven by sunlight?
Hydrologic
256 - Which ecosystem has the highest primary productivity?
256 - Which ecosystem has the highest primary productivity?
Forest ecosystem
257 - Which group of three living organisms, given below is a link in food chain: Green plants .... Hawk:
257 - Which group of three living organisms, given below is a link in food chain: Green plants .... Hawk:
Grasshopper, frog, snake
258 - Which is a primary consumer?
258 - Which is a primary consumer?
Herbivore
259 - Which is the most stable ecosystem?
259 - Which is the most stable ecosystem?
Forest
260 - Which is the most stable ecosystem?
260 - Which is the most stable ecosystem?
Ocean
261 - Which of the following belong to the same trophic level?
261 - Which of the following belong to the same trophic level?
Yeast and Monotrapa
262 - Which of the following characterizes the biomass in an ecosystem?
262 - Which of the following characterizes the biomass in an ecosystem?
No general statement can be made about relative biomass of different ecological groups
263 - Which of the following ecosystem has highest gross primary productivity:
263 - Which of the following ecosystem has highest gross primary productivity:
Grassland
264 - Which of the following food chain may not be directly dependent upon solar energy?
264 - Which of the following food chain may not be directly dependent upon solar energy?
Detritus
265 - Which of the following habitats is most unsuitable for primary productivity:
265 - Which of the following habitats is most unsuitable for primary productivity:
Cave
266 - Which of the following has the largest amount of energy?
266 - Which of the following has the largest amount of energy?
Producers
267 - Which of the following is an artificial ecosystem?
267 - Which of the following is an artificial ecosystem?
Rice-field
268 - Which of the following is expected to have the highest value (gm/m2/yr) in a grassland ecosystem?
268 - Which of the following is expected to have the highest value (gm/m2/yr) in a grassland ecosystem?
Gross Production (GP)
269 - Which of the following is logical sequence of carbon cycle:
269 - Which of the following is logical sequence of carbon cycle:
Photosynthesis-consumer-decomposer
270 - Which of the following is non-renewable source of energy:
270 - Which of the following is non-renewable source of energy:
Forest
271 - Which of the following is the smallest unit?
271 - Which of the following is the smallest unit?
Ecosystem
272 - Which of the following serves as source of carbon in plants:
272 - Which of the following serves as source of carbon in plants:
Atmospheric CO2
273 - Which of the following terms is not a synonym literally for ecosystem?
273 - Which of the following terms is not a synonym literally for ecosystem?
Ecosphere
274 - Which of the following world is related to Homo sapiens?
274 - Which of the following world is related to Homo sapiens?
Omnivore
275 - Which one of the following elements is the critical limiting factors in the function of ecosphere because of its irretrievable loss in the ocear:
275 - Which one of the following elements is the critical limiting factors in the function of ecosphere because of its irretrievable loss in the ocear:
P
276 - Which one of the following is a reversible source of energy?
276 - Which one of the following is a reversible source of energy?
Nuclear fuel
277 - Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle?
277 - Which one of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of biogeochemical cycle?
Phosphorus and sulphur
278 - Which part of the pond ecosystem does not affect by the temperature:
278 - Which part of the pond ecosystem does not affect by the temperature:
Hypolimnion
279 - Which type of the following ecological pyramids are never inverted?
279 - Which type of the following ecological pyramids are never inverted?
Pyramids of energy
280 - Xerophytes means:
280 - Xerophytes means:
Both (a) & (b)
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